37,439 research outputs found
Generalization of DT Equations for Time Dependent Sources
New equations for paralyzable, non paralyzable and hybrid DT models, valid for any time dependent sources are presented. We show how such new equations include the equations already used for constant rate sources, and how it’s is possible to correct DT losses in the case of time dependent sources. Montecarlo simulations were performed to compare the equations behavior with the three DT models. Excellent accordance between equations predictions and Montecarlo simulation was found. We also obtain good results in the experimental validation of the new hybrid DT equation. Passive quenched SPAD device was chosen as a device affected by hybrid DT losses and active quenched SPAD with 50 ns DT was used as DT losses free device
Time Evolution In Macroscopic Systems. II: The Entropy
The concept of entropy in nonequilibrium macroscopic systems is investigated
in the light of an extended equation of motion for the density matrix obtained
in a previous study. It is found that a time-dependent information entropy can
be defined unambiguously, but it is the time derivative or entropy production
that governs ongoing processes in these systems. The differences in physical
interpretation and thermodynamic role of entropy in equilibrium and
nonequilibrium systems is emphasized and the observable aspects of entropy
production are noted. A basis for nonequilibrium thermodynamics is also
outlinedComment: 28 page
Dynamics of poles with position-dependent strengths and its optical analogues
The dynamics of point vortices is generalized in two ways: first by making
the strengths complex, which allows for sources and sinks in superposition with
the usual vortices, second by making them functions of position. These
generalizations lead to a rich dynamical system, which is nonlinear and yet has
conservation laws coming from a Hamiltonian-like formalism. We then discover
that in this system the motion of a pair mimics the behavior of rays in
geometric optics. We describe several exact solutions with optical analogues,
notably Snell's law and the law of reflection off a mirror, and perform
numerical experiments illustrating some striking behavior.Comment: 10 page
Dynamics of BPS Dyons: Effective Field Theory Approach
Based on a detailed analysis of nonlinear field equations of the SU(2)
Yang-Mills-Higgs system, we obtain the effective field theory describing
low-energy interaction of BPS dyons and massless particles (i.e., photons and
Higgs particles). Our effective theory manifests electromagnetic duality and
spontaneously broken scale symmetry, and reproduces the multimonopole moduli
space dynamics of Manton in a suitable limit. Also given is a generalization of
our approach to the case of BPS dyons in a gauge theory with an arbitrary gauge
group that is maximally broken.Comment: 48 pages, uses revte
Spacetime Symmetries and Kepler's Third Law
The curved spacetime geometry of a system of two point masses moving on a
circular orbit has a helical symmetry. We show how Kepler's third law for
circular motion, and its generalization in post-Newtonian theory, can be
recovered from a simple, covariant condition on the norm of the associated
helical Killing vector field. This unusual derivation can be used to illustrate
some concepts of prime importance in a general relativity course, including
those of Killing field, covariance, coordinate dependence, and gravitational
redshift.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures; minor changes and text improvements; matches
version to appear in Class. Quant. Gra
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