Extended deformation functors

We introduce a precise notion, in terms of few Schlessinger's type conditions, of extended deformation functors which is compatible with most of recent ideas in the Derived Deformation Theory (DDT) program and with geometric examples. With this notion we develop the (extended) analogue of Schlessinger and obstruction theories. The inverse mapping theorem holds for natural transformations of extended deformation functors and all such functors with finite dimensional tangent space are prorepresentable in the homotopy category.Comment: Contains the previously announced part I

Coherence for Categorified Operadic Theories

It has long been known that every weak monoidal category A is equivalent via monoidal functors and monoidal natural transformations to a strict monoidal category st(A). We generalise the definition of weak monoidal category to give a definition of weak P-category for any strongly regular (operadic) theory P, and show that every weak P-category is equivalent via P-functors and P-transformations to a strict P-category. This strictification functor is then shown to have an interesting universal property.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure. Presented at 82nd PSSL, Glasgow, May 200

Quantum Genetics, Quantum Automata and Quantum Computation

The concepts of quantum automata and quantum computation are studied in the context of quantum genetics and genetic networks with nonlinear dynamics. In a previous publication (Baianu,1971a) the formal concept of quantum automaton was introduced and its possible implications for genetic and metabolic activities in living cells and organisms were considered. This was followed by a report on quantum and abstract, symbolic computation based on the theory of categories, functors and natural transformations (Baianu,1971b). The notions of topological semigroup, quantum automaton,or quantum computer, were then suggested with a view to their potential applications to the analogous simulation of biological systems, and especially genetic activities and nonlinear dynamics in genetic networks. Further, detailed studies of nonlinear dynamics in genetic networks were carried out in categories of n-valued, Lukasiewicz Logic Algebras that showed significant dissimilarities (Baianu, 1977) from Bolean models of human neural networks (McCullough and Pitts,1945). Molecular models in terms of categories, functors and natural transformations were then formulated for uni-molecular chemical transformations, multi-molecular chemical and biochemical transformations (Baianu, 1983,2004a). Previous applications of computer modeling, classical automata theory, and relational biology to molecular biology, oncogenesis and medicine were extensively reviewed and several important conclusions were reached regarding both the potential and limitations of the computation-assisted modeling of biological systems, and especially complex organisms such as Homo sapiens sapiens(Baianu,1987). Novel approaches to solving the realization problems of Relational Biology models in Complex System Biology are introduced in terms of natural transformations between functors of such molecular categories. Several applications of such natural transformations of functors were then presented to protein biosynthesis, embryogenesis and nuclear transplant experiments. Other possible realizations in Molecular Biology and Relational Biology of Organisms are here suggested in terms of quantum automata models of Quantum Genetics and Interactomics. Future developments of this novel approach are likely to also include: Fuzzy Relations in Biology and Epigenomics, Relational Biology modeling of Complex Immunological and Hormonal regulatory systems, n-categories and Topoi of Lukasiewicz Logic Algebras and Intuitionistic Logic (Heyting) Algebras for modeling nonlinear dynamics and cognitive processes in complex neural networks that are present in the human brain, as well as stochastic modeling of genetic networks in Lukasiewicz Logic Algebras

Obvious natural morphisms of sheaves are unique

We prove that a large class of natural transformations (consisting roughly of those constructed via composition from the "functorial" or "base change" transformations) between two functors of the form $\cdots f^* g_* \cdots$ actually has only one element, and thus that any diagram of such maps necessarily commutes. We identify the precise axioms defining what we call a "geofibered category" that ensure that such a coherence theorem exists. Our results apply to all the usual sheaf-theoretic contexts of algebraic geometry. The analogous result that would include any other of the six functors remains unknown.Comment: 52 pages. Final draft, version accepted to TA

Grothendieck categories as a bilocalization of linear sites

We prove that the 2-category Grt of Grothendieck abelian categories with colimit preserving functors and natural transformations is a bicategory of fractions in the sense of Pronk of the 2-category Site of linear sites with continuous morphisms of sites and natural transformations. This result can potentially be used to make the tensor product of Grothendieck categories from earlier work by Lowen, Shoikhet and the author into a bi-monoidal structure on Grt

Failure of Brown representability in derived categories

Let T be a triangulated category with coproducts, C the full subcategory of compact objects in T. If T is the homotopy category of spectra, Adams proved the following in [Adams71]: All contravariant homological functors C --> Ab are the restrictions of representable functors on T, and all natural transformations are the restrictions of morphisms in T. It has been something of a mystery, to what extent this generalises to other triangulated categories. In [Neeman97], it was proved that Adams' theorem remains true as long as C is countable, but can fail in general. The failure exhibited was that there can be natural transformations not arising from maps in T. A puzzling open problem remained: Is every homological functor the restriction of a representable functor on T? In a recent paper, Beligiannis made some progress. But in this article, we settle the problem. The answer is no. There are examples of derived categories T = D(R) of rings, and contravariant homological functors C --> Ab which are not restrictions of representables.Comment: 22 pages, to appear in Topology. http://jdc.math.uwo.ca Lots of minor revisions. This version should closely match the published versio

Natural Transformations of Organismic Structures

The mathematical structures underlying the theories of organismic sets, (M, R)-systems and molecular sets are shown to be transformed naturally within the theory of categories and functors. Their natural transformations allow the comparison of distinct entities, as well as the modelling of dynamics in “organismic” structures