Spectrum Trading: An Abstracted Bibliography

This document contains a bibliographic list of major papers on spectrum trading and their abstracts. The aim of the list is to offer researchers entering this field a fast panorama of the current literature. The list is continually updated on the webpage \url{http://www.disp.uniroma2.it/users/naldi/Ricspt.html}. Omissions and papers suggested for inclusion may be pointed out to the authors through e-mail (\textit{[email protected]})

Enforcement in Dynamic Spectrum Access Systems

The spectrum access rights granted by the Federal government to spectrum users come with the expectation of protection from harmful interference. As a consequence of the growth of wireless demand and services of all types, technical progress enabling smart agile radio networks, and on-going spectrum management reform, there is both a need and opportunity to use and share spectrum more intensively and dynamically. A key element of any framework for managing harmful interference is the mechanism for enforcement of those rights. Since the rights to use spectrum and to protection from harmful interference vary by band (licensed/unlicensed, legacy/newly reformed) and type of use/users (primary/secondary, overlay/underlay), it is reasonable to expect that the enforcement mechanisms may need to vary as well.\ud \ud In this paper, we present a taxonomy for evaluating alternative mechanisms for enforcing interference protection for spectrum usage rights, with special attention to the potential changes that may be expected from wider deployment of Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) systems. Our exploration of how the design of the enforcement regime interacts with and influences the incentives of radio operators under different rights regimes and market scenarios is intended to assist in refining thinking about appropriate access rights regimes and how best to incentivize investment and growth in more efficient and valuable uses of the radio frequency spectrum

A Survey on Dynamic Spectrum Access Techniques in Cognitive Radio Networks

The idea of Cognitive Radio (CR) is to share the spectrum between a user called primary, and a user called secondary. Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) is a new spectrum sharing paradigm in cognitive radio that allows secondary users to access the abundant spectrum holes in the licensed spectrum bands. DSA is an auspicious technology to alleviate the spectrum scarcity problem and increase spectrum utilization. While DSA has attracted many research efforts recently, in this paper, a survey of spectrum access techniques using cooperation and competition to solve the problem of spectrum allocation in cognitive radio networks is presented

Enabling Spectrum Sharing in Secondary Market Auctions

Wireless spectrum is a scare resource, but in practice much of it is under-used by current owners. To enable better use of this spectrum, we propose an auction approach to dynamically allocate the spectrum in a secondary market. Unlike previous auction approaches, we seek to take advantage of the ability to share spectrum among some bidders while respecting the needs of others for exclusive use. Thus, unlike unlicensed spectrum (e.g. Wi-Fi), which can be shared by any device, and exclusive-use licensed spectrum, where sharing is precluded, we enable efficient allocation by supporting sharing alongside quality-of-service protections. We present SATYA (Sanskrit for “truth”), a strategyproof and scalable spectrum auction algorithm whose primary contribution is in the allocation of a right to contend for spectrum to both sharers and exclusive-use bidders. Achieving strategyproofness in our setting requires appropriate handling of the externalities created by sharing. We demonstrate SATYA’s ability to handle heterogeneous agent types involving different transmit powers and spectrum needs through extensive simulations.Engineering and Applied Science

An Agent-Based Model for Secondary Use of Radio Spectrum

Wireless communications rely on access to radio spectrum. With a continuing proliferation of wireless applications and services, the spectrum resource becomes scarce. The measurement studies of spectrum usage, however, reveal that spectrum is being used sporadically in many geographical areas and times. In an attempt to promote efficiency of spectrum usage, the Federal Communications Commission has supported the use of market mechanism to allocate and assign radio spectrum. We focus on the secondary use of spectrum defined as a temporary access of existing licensed spectrum by a user who does not own a spectrum license. The secondary use of spectrum raises numerous technical, institutional, economic, and strategic issues that merit investigation. Central to the issues are the effects of transaction costs associated with the use of market mechanism and the uncertainties due to potential interference.The research objective is to identify the pre-conditions as to when and why the secondary use would emerge and in what form. We use transaction cost economics as the theoretical framework in this study. We propose a novel use of agent-based computational economics to model the development of the secondary use of spectrum. The agent-based model allows an integration of economic and technical considerations to the study of pre-conditions to the secondary use concept. The agent-based approach aims to observe the aggregate outcomes as a result of interactions among agents and understand the process that leads to the secondary use, which can then be used to create policy instruments in order to obtain the favorable outcomes of the spectrum management

Self-organized beam scheduling as an enabler for coexistence in 5G unlicensed bands

In order to support user data-rates of Gbps and above in the fifth generation(5G)communication systems, millimetre-wave(mm-wave) communication is proposed as one of the most important enabling technologies. In this paper, we consider the spectrum bands shared by 5G cellular base stations (BS) and some existing networks, such as WiGig and proposed a method for spectrally efficient coexistence of multiple interfering BSs through adaptive self-organized beam scheduling. These BSs might use multiple radio access technologies belonging to multiple operators and are deployed in the unlicensed bands, such as 60GHz. Different from the recently emerging coexistence scenarios in the unlicensed 5GHz band,where the proposed methods are based on omni-directional transmission, beamforming needs to be employed in mm-wave bands to combat the high path loss problem. The proposed method is concerned with this new scenario of communication in the unlicensed bands where(a)beam-forming is mandatory to combat severe path loss, (b) without optimal scheduling of beams mutual interference could be severe due to the possibility of beam-collisions, (c)unlike LTE which uses time-frequency resource blocks, a new resource, i.e., the beam direction, is used as mandatory feature. We propose in this paper a novel multi-RAT coexistence mechanism where neighbouring 5G BSs, each serving their own associated users, schedule their beam configurations in a self-organized manner such that their own utility function, e.g. spectral efficiency, is maximized. The problem is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem and it is shown via simulations that our proposed distributed algorithms yield a comparable spectral efficiency for the entire networks as that using an exhaustive search, which requires global coordination among coexisting RATs and also has a much higher algorithmic complexity