2,148 research outputs found
Fully Automatic Segmentation of Lumbar Vertebrae from CT Images using Cascaded 3D Fully Convolutional Networks
We present a method to address the challenging problem of segmentation of
lumbar vertebrae from CT images acquired with varying fields of view. Our
method is based on cascaded 3D Fully Convolutional Networks (FCNs) consisting
of a localization FCN and a segmentation FCN. More specifically, in the first
step we train a regression 3D FCN (we call it "LocalizationNet") to find the
bounding box of the lumbar region. After that, a 3D U-net like FCN (we call it
"SegmentationNet") is then developed, which after training, can perform a
pixel-wise multi-class segmentation to map a cropped lumber region volumetric
data to its volume-wise labels. Evaluated on publicly available datasets, our
method achieved an average Dice coefficient of 95.77 0.81% and an average
symmetric surface distance of 0.37 0.06 mm.Comment: 5 pages and 5 figure
A Survey on Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis
Deep learning algorithms, in particular convolutional networks, have rapidly
become a methodology of choice for analyzing medical images. This paper reviews
the major deep learning concepts pertinent to medical image analysis and
summarizes over 300 contributions to the field, most of which appeared in the
last year. We survey the use of deep learning for image classification, object
detection, segmentation, registration, and other tasks and provide concise
overviews of studies per application area. Open challenges and directions for
future research are discussed.Comment: Revised survey includes expanded discussion section and reworked
introductory section on common deep architectures. Added missed papers from
before Feb 1st 201
Three-dimensional Segmentation of the Scoliotic Spine from MRI using Unsupervised Volume-based MR-CT Synthesis
Vertebral bone segmentation from magnetic resonance (MR) images is a
challenging task. Due to the inherent nature of the modality to emphasize soft
tissues of the body, common thresholding algorithms are ineffective in
detecting bones in MR images. On the other hand, it is relatively easier to
segment bones from CT images because of the high contrast between bones and the
surrounding regions. For this reason, we perform a cross-modality synthesis
between MR and CT domains for simple thresholding-based segmentation of the
vertebral bones. However, this implicitly assumes the availability of paired
MR-CT data, which is rare, especially in the case of scoliotic patients. In
this paper, we present a completely unsupervised, fully three-dimensional (3D)
cross-modality synthesis method for segmenting scoliotic spines. A 3D CycleGAN
model is trained for an unpaired volume-to-volume translation across MR and CT
domains. Then, the Otsu thresholding algorithm is applied to the synthesized CT
volumes for easy segmentation of the vertebral bones. The resulting
segmentation is used to reconstruct a 3D model of the spine. We validate our
method on 28 scoliotic vertebrae in 3 patients by computing the
point-to-surface mean distance between the landmark points for each vertebra
obtained from pre-operative X-rays and the surface of the segmented vertebra.
Our study results in a mean error of 3.41 1.06 mm. Based on qualitative
and quantitative results, we conclude that our method is able to obtain a good
segmentation and 3D reconstruction of scoliotic spines, all after training from
unpaired data in an unsupervised manner.Comment: To appear in the Proceedings of the SPIE Medical Imaging Conference
2021, San Diego, CA. 9 pages, 4 figures in tota
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