Reconstrucción digital no métrica de mosaicos romanos excavados en la ciudad de Rávena (Italia)

[EN] During the excavations carried out in summer 2011 in Piazza Anita Garibaldi in Ravenna, during construction of the new underground waste containers, five rooms decorated with mosaic floors were found, probably dating back to the early Roman Empire (1st-2ndcentury AD). The mosaics were removed for restoration and musealisation, however –given the size of the large lacunae-it would not be possible to reintegrate them in a traditional restoration without creating arbitrary reconstructions. Therefore, we opted for a digital reconstruction of the lacunae, attempting virtual restoration hypotheses for the recovered mosaics. Subsequently, it was possible to grasp the trend of the figuration and how it could have appeared in the past. The characteristics of many mosaics, such as the symmetry and the repetition of geometric patterns, make them suitable for both a simulated integration and are construction by the analogies of the pattern. As a matter of fact, we used simple and easily accessible software to perform this work. The purpose of this digital workflow was to give an example of virtual processing useful for conservators and restorers, as well as for scholars (archaeologists, art historians, etc.) that can be carried out without specific information technology expertise and computer skills. After the images were acquired digitally, we were able to proceed with the reconstruction of the floor, by taking into account the geometric motifs that make up the mosaic assembly and that made the recomposition the most reliable. The virtual restoration also provides the opportunity of simulating the type of integration and the colour so that scholars, restorers and conservators may evaluate the final appearance of the work and the different aesthetic choices. The virtual restoration is finally considered an essential tool for the enhancement of cultural heritage.[ES] Durante las excavaciones llevadas a cabo en el verano de 2011 en la Plaza Anita Garibaldi en Rávena para la fabricación de nuevos contenedores soterrados, se encontraron cinco habitaciones decoradas con mosaicos en el piso, que probablemente datan de principios del imperio romano (siglo I-II d. C.). Los mosaicos fueron retirados para la restauración y musealización, sin embargo –dado el tamaño de las lagunas grandes-no sería posible reintegrarlos siguiendo una restauración tradicional sin crear reconstrucciones arbitrarias. Por esta razón, hemos optado por una reconstrucción digital de las lagunas, haciendo algunas hipótesis de restauración virtual delos mosaicos recuperados. De esta manera, es posible figurar cómo podría haber sido en el pasado. Las características de muchos mosaicos, como son la simetría y la repetición de los patrones geométricos, los hacen adecuados tanto para una integración simulada como para la reconstrucción por analogía del patrón geométrico. De hecho, utilizamos software muy simple para realizar este trabajo, ya que nuestro propósito era dar un ejemplo de procesamiento virtual útil para conservadores y restauradores, así como para académicos (arqueólogos, historiadores del arte, etc.) que puede llevarse a cabo sin conocimientos específicos ni conocimientos informáticos. Una vez adquiridas las imágenes en formato digital, pudimos proceder a la reconstrucción real del piso, teniendo en cuenta los motivos geométricos que conforman el ensamblaje del mosaico y que hicieron la recomposición más fiable. La restauración virtual también brinda la oportunidad de simular en la imagen digital el tipo de integración y el color para que los estudiosos puedan evaluar la apariencia final del trabajo y las diferentes elecciones estéticas. La restauración virtual se considera finalmente una herramienta esencial para la mejora del patrimonio cultural.We are grateful to the Editor-in-Chief Prof. José Luis Lerma for useful suggestions. Pictures of the excavations were taken by RavennAntica Foundation and Superintendence for Archaeological Heritage of Emilia-Romagna, Italy. Virtual restorationswere carried out by Mariapaola Monti.Monti, M.; Maino, G. (2018). Non-metric digital reconstruction of Roman mosaics excavated in the city of Ravenna (Italy). Virtual Archaeology Review. 9(19):66-75. doi:10.4995/var.2018.7227SWORD6675919Bennardi, D., &Furferi, R. (2007). Il restauro virtuale. Tra ideologia e metodologia. Florence: Edifir.Biagi Maino, D., &Maino, G. (2017). 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