7 research outputs found
A new construct of IS performance measurement: Consonance approach
The purpose of this research is to create a subjective measurement system that can assist in the successful creation of new information systems (IS). That entails moving from the commonly used objective measures of success (time and money constraints) to subjective measures (people\u27s perceptions). Literature in the social perception area and goal congruence area has provided a basis for changing the measurement of success. Due to major differences in how people react to stimuli and perceived outcomes the objective measures must evolve to include subjective observations.
This research uses a questionnaire to gather data about the perceptions of the stakeholders (IS personnel and IS end users) involved in production or use of IS. A performance construct and satisfaction construct are used to investigate hypotheses regarding the differences in the perceptions of IS end users and IS personnel. Discrepancy theory is the basis for depicting gaps in the perceptions of the different stakeholders. By creating new constructs related to IS work, performance expectations and perceived outcomes can be measured for IS end users and IS personnel that are involved in creating and maintaining information systems. Current literature supports the involvement of these two stakeholders and the movement to subjective measures.
A process of consonance is also included to insure consistence over time in creating common goals. Consonance is defined as harmony and understanding between stakeholders or people. Consonance is a process that can help achieve consistence in setting common goals in IS projects. If IS end users and IS personnel are working toward a common goal, higher IS success rates will occur
Context Matters. A Social Informatics Perspective on the Design and Implications of Large-Scale e-Government Systems.
http://www.social-informatics.net/PROEFSCHRIFT%20OOSTVEEN.pd
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Design as interactions of problem framing and problem solving: a formal and empirical basis for problem framing in design
In this thesis, I present, illustrate and empirically validate a novel approach to modelling and explaining design process. The main outcome of this work is the formal definition of the problem framing, and the formulation of a recursive model of framing in design. The model (code-named RFD), represents a formalisation of a grey area in the science of design, and sees the design process as a recursive interaction of problem framing and problem solving.
The proposed approach is based upon a phenomenon introduced in cognitive science and known as (reflective) solution talkback. Previously, there were no formalisations of the knowledge interactions occurring within this complex reasoning operation. The recursive model is thus an attempt to express the existing knowledge in a formal and structured manner. In spite of rather abstract, knowledge level on which the model is defined, it is a firm step in the clarification of design process. The RFD model is applied to the knowledge-level description of the conducted experimental study that is annotated and analysed in the defined terminology. Eventually, several schemas implied by the model are identified, exemplified, and elaborated to reflect the empirical results.
The model features the mutual interaction of predicates âspecifiesâ and âsatisfiesâ. The first asserts that a certain set of explicit statements is sufficient for expressing relevant desired states the design is aiming to achieve. The validity of predicate âspecifiesâ might not be provable directly in any problem solving theory. A particular specification can be upheld or rejected only by drawing upon the validity of a complementary predicate âsatisfiesâ and the (un-)acceptability of the considered candidate solution (e.g. technological artefact, product). It is the role of the predicate âsatisfiesâ to find and derive such a candidate solution. The predicates âspecifiesâ and âsatisfiesâ are contextually bound and can be evaluated only within a particular conceptual frame. Thus, a solution to the design problem is sound and admissible with respect to an explicit commitment to a particular specification and design frame. The role of the predicate âacceptableâ is to compare the admissible solutions and frames against the ârealâ design problem. As if it answered the question: âIs this solution really what I wanted/intended?â
Furthermore, I propose a set of principled schemas on the conceptual (knowledge) level with an aim to make the interactive patterns of the design process explicit. These conceptual schemas are elicited from the rigorous experiments that utilised the structured and principled approach to recording the designerâs conceptual reasoning steps and decisions. They include the refinement of an explicit problem specification within a conceptual frame; the refinement of an explicit problem specification using a re-framed reference; and the conceptual re-framing (i.e. the identification and articulation of new conceptual terms)
Since the conceptual schemas reflect the sequence of the âtypicalâ decisions the designer may make during the design process, there is no single, symbol-level method for the implementation of these conceptual patterns. Thus, when one decides to follow the abstract patterns and schemas, this abstract model alone can foster a principled design on the knowledge level. It must be acknowledged that for the purpose of computer-based support, these abstract schemas need to be turned into operational models and consequently suitable methods. However, such operational perspective was beyond the time and resource constraints placed on this research