40,192 research outputs found
Different approaches to community detection
A precise definition of what constitutes a community in networks has remained
elusive. Consequently, network scientists have compared community detection
algorithms on benchmark networks with a particular form of community structure
and classified them based on the mathematical techniques they employ. However,
this comparison can be misleading because apparent similarities in their
mathematical machinery can disguise different reasons for why we would want to
employ community detection in the first place. Here we provide a focused review
of these different motivations that underpin community detection. This
problem-driven classification is useful in applied network science, where it is
important to select an appropriate algorithm for the given purpose. Moreover,
highlighting the different approaches to community detection also delineates
the many lines of research and points out open directions and avenues for
future research.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures. Written as a chapter for forthcoming Advances in
network clustering and blockmodeling, and based on an extended version of The
many facets of community detection in complex networks, Appl. Netw. Sci. 2: 4
(2017) by the same author
The Web as an Adaptive Network: Coevolution of Web Behavior and Web Structure
Much is known about the complex network structure of the Web, and about behavioral dynamics on the Web. A number of studies address how behaviors on the Web are affected by different network topologies, whilst others address how the behavior of users on the Web alters network topology. These represent complementary directions of influence, but they are generally not combined within any one study. In network science, the study of the coupled interaction between topology and behavior, or state-topology coevolution, is known as 'adaptive networks', and is a rapidly developing area of research. In this paper, we review the case for considering the Web as an adaptive network and several examples of state-topology coevolution on the Web. We also review some abstract results from recent literature in adaptive networks and discuss their implications for Web Science. We conclude that adaptive networks provide a formal framework for characterizing processes acting 'on' and 'of' the Web, and offers potential for identifying general organizing principles that seem otherwise illusive in Web Scienc
The Matter of Entrepreneurial Learning: A Literature Review
This paper is a comprehensive review of the entrepreneurial learning literature and its engagement with the material aspects of entrepreneurship, as part of the âmaterial turnâ in the social sciences. Drawing on actor-network theory, we construct a classificatory scheme and an evaluative matrix to find that this field is dominated by an anthropocentric bias and cognitivist approaches which largely ignore issues of materiality in entrepreneurship. However we also identify some heterogeneous network-based conceptualisations of entrepreneurial learning which could provide the foundations for more materially aware approaches. We conclude by calling for a material turn in entrepreneurial learning and outline some possible avenues for it
Untangling the Web of E-Research: Towards a Sociology of Online Knowledge
e-Research is a rapidly growing research area, both in terms of publications
and in terms of funding. In this article we argue that it is necessary to
reconceptualize the ways in which we seek to measure and understand e-Research
by developing a sociology of knowledge based on our understanding of how
science has been transformed historically and shifted into online forms. Next,
we report data which allows the examination of e-Research through a variety of
traces in order to begin to understand how the knowledge in the realm of
e-Research has been and is being constructed. These data indicate that
e-Research has had a variable impact in different fields of research. We argue
that only an overall account of the scale and scope of e-Research within and
between different fields makes it possible to identify the organizational
coherence and diffuseness of e-Research in terms of its socio-technical
networks, and thus to identify the contributions of e-Research to various
research fronts in the online production of knowledge
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