13,023 research outputs found
Speech Separation Using Partially Asynchronous Microphone Arrays Without Resampling
We consider the problem of separating speech sources captured by multiple
spatially separated devices, each of which has multiple microphones and samples
its signals at a slightly different rate. Most asynchronous array processing
methods rely on sample rate offset estimation and resampling, but these offsets
can be difficult to estimate if the sources or microphones are moving. We
propose a source separation method that does not require offset estimation or
signal resampling. Instead, we divide the distributed array into several
synchronous subarrays. All arrays are used jointly to estimate the time-varying
signal statistics, and those statistics are used to design separate
time-varying spatial filters in each array. We demonstrate the method for
speech mixtures recorded on both stationary and moving microphone arrays.Comment: To appear at the International Workshop on Acoustic Signal
Enhancement (IWAENC 2018
On bounds and algorithms for frequency synchronization for collaborative communication systems
Cooperative diversity systems are wireless communication systems designed to
exploit cooperation among users to mitigate the effects of multipath fading. In
fairly general conditions, it has been shown that these systems can achieve the
diversity order of an equivalent MISO channel and, if the node geometry
permits, virtually the same outage probability can be achieved as that of the
equivalent MISO channel for a wide range of applicable SNR. However, much of
the prior analysis has been performed under the assumption of perfect timing
and frequency offset synchronization. In this paper, we derive the estimation
bounds and associated maximum likelihood estimators for frequency offset
estimation in a cooperative communication system. We show the benefit of
adaptively tuning the frequency of the relay node in order to reduce estimation
error at the destination. We also derive an efficient estimation algorithm,
based on the correlation sequence of the data, which has mean squared error
close to the Cramer-Rao Bound.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Transaction on Signal Processin
Quantum correlations of light due to a room temperature mechanical oscillator for force metrology
The coupling of laser light to a mechanical oscillator via radiation pressure
leads to the emergence of quantum mechanical correlations between the amplitude
and phase quadrature of the laser beam. These correlations form a generic
non-classical resource which can be employed for quantum-enhanced force
metrology, and give rise to ponderomotive squeezing in the limit of strong
correlations. To date, this resource has only been observed in a handful of
cryogenic cavity optomechanical experiments. Here, we demonstrate the ability
to efficiently resolve optomechanical quantum correlations imprinted on an
optical laser field interacting with a room temperature nanomechanical
oscillator. Direct measurement of the optical field in a detuned homodyne
detector ("variational measurement") at frequencies far from the resonance
frequency of the oscillator reveal quantum correlations at the few percent
level. We demonstrate how the absolute visibility of these correlations can be
used for a quantum-enhanced estimation of the quantum back-action force acting
on the oscillator, and provides for an enhancement in the relative
signal-to-noise ratio for the estimation of an off-resonant external force,
even at room temperature
Extraction of black hole coalescence waveforms from noisy data
We describe an independent analysis of LIGO data for black hole coalescence
events. Gravitational wave strain waveforms are extracted directly from the
data using a filtering method that exploits the observed or expected
time-dependent frequency content. Statistical analysis of residual noise, after
filtering out spectral peaks (and considering finite bandwidth), shows no
evidence of non-Gaussian behaviour. There is also no evidence of anomalous
causal correlation between noise signals at the Hanford and Livingston sites.
The extracted waveforms are consistent with black hole coalescence template
waveforms provided by LIGO. Simulated events, with known signals injected into
real noise, are used to determine uncertainties due to residual noise and
demonstrate that our results are unbiased. Conceptual and numerical differences
between our RMS signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and the published matched-filter
detection SNRs are discussed.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures. Version accepted for publicatio
Making Maps Of The Cosmic Microwave Background: The MAXIMA Example
This work describes Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data analysis
algorithms and their implementations, developed to produce a pixelized map of
the sky and a corresponding pixel-pixel noise correlation matrix from time
ordered data for a CMB mapping experiment. We discuss in turn algorithms for
estimating noise properties from the time ordered data, techniques for
manipulating the time ordered data, and a number of variants of the maximum
likelihood map-making procedure. We pay particular attention to issues
pertinent to real CMB data, and present ways of incorporating them within the
framework of maximum likelihood map-making. Making a map of the sky is shown to
be not only an intermediate step rendering an image of the sky, but also an
important diagnostic stage, when tests for and/or removal of systematic effects
can efficiently be performed. The case under study is the MAXIMA data set.
However, the methods discussed are expected to be applicable to the analysis of
other current and forthcoming CMB experiments.Comment: Replaced to match the published version, only minor change
Analysis of the Local Quasi-Stationarity of Measured Dual-Polarized MIMO Channels
It is common practice in wireless communications to assume strict or
wide-sense stationarity of the wireless channel in time and frequency. While
this approximation has some physical justification, it is only valid inside
certain time-frequency regions. This paper presents an elaborate
characterization of the non-stationarity of wireless dual-polarized channels in
time. The evaluation is based on urban macrocell measurements performed at 2.53
GHz. In order to define local quasi-stationarity (LQS) regions, i.e., regions
in which the change of certain channel statistics is deemed insignificant, we
resort to the performance degradation of selected algorithms specific to
channel estimation and beamforming. Additionally, we compare our results to
commonly used measures in the literature. We find that the polarization, the
antenna spacing, and the opening angle of the antennas into the propagation
channel can strongly influence the non-stationarity of the observed channel.
The obtained LQS regions can be of significant size, i.e., several meters, and
thus the reuse of channel statistics over large distances is meaningful (in an
average sense) for certain algorithms. Furthermore, we conclude that, from a
system perspective, a proper non-stationarity analysis should be based on the
considered algorithm
Recognition and reconstruction of coherent energy with application to deep seismic reflection data
Reflections in deep seismic reflection data tend to be
visible on only a limited number of traces in a common
midpoint gather. To prevent stack degeneration,
any noncoherent reflection energy has to be removed.
In this paper, a standard classification technique in
remote sensing is presented to enhance data quality. It
consists of a recognition technique to detect and extract
coherent energy in both common shot gathers and fi-
nal stacks. This technique uses the statistics of a picked
seismic phase to obtain the likelihood distribution of its
presence. Multiplication of this likelihood distribution
with the original data results in a “cleaned up” section.
Application of the technique to data from a deep seismic
reflection experiment enhanced the visibility of all
reflectors considerably.
Because the recognition technique cannot produce an
estimate of “missing” data, it is extended with a reconstruction
method. Two methods are proposed: application
of semblance weighted local slant stacks after recognition,
and direct recognition in the linear tau-p domain.
In both cases, the power of the stacking process to increase the signal-to-noise ratio is combined with the direct selection of only specific seismic phases. The joint
application of recognition and reconstruction resulted in
data images which showed reflectors more clearly than
application of a single technique
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