A survey of digital television broadcast transmission techniques

This paper is a survey of the transmission techniques used in digital television (TV) standards worldwide. With the increase in the demand for High-Definition (HD) TV, video-on-demand and mobile TV services, there was a real need for more bandwidth-efficient, flawless and crisp video quality, which motivated the migration from analogue to digital broadcasting. In this paper we present a brief history of the development of TV and then we survey the transmission technology used in different digital terrestrial, satellite, cable and mobile TV standards in different parts of the world. First, we present the Digital Video Broadcasting standards developed in Europe for terrestrial (DVB-T/T2), for satellite (DVB-S/S2), for cable (DVB-C) and for hand-held transmission (DVB-H). We then describe the Advanced Television System Committee standards developed in the USA both for terrestrial (ATSC) and for hand-held transmission (ATSC-M/H). We continue by describing the Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting standards developed in Japan for Terrestrial (ISDB-T) and Satellite (ISDB-S) transmission and then present the International System for Digital Television (ISDTV), which was developed in Brazil by adopteding the ISDB-T physical layer architecture. Following the ISDTV, we describe the Digital Terrestrial television Multimedia Broadcast (DTMB) standard developed in China. Finally, as a design example, we highlight the physical layer implementation of the DVB-T2 standar

Diversity Analysis of Bit-Interleaved Coded Multiple Beamforming with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

For broadband wireless communication systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been combined with Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) techniques. Bit-Interleaved Coded Multiple Beamforming (BICMB) can achieve both spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing for flat fading MIMO channels. For frequency selective fading MIMO channels, BICMB with OFDM (BICMB-OFDM) can be applied to achieve both spatial diversity and multipath diversity, making it an important technique. However, analyzing the diversity of BICMB-OFDM is a challenging problem. In this paper, the diversity analysis of BICMB-OFDM is carried out. First, the maximum achievable diversity is derived and a full diversity condition RcSL <= 1 is proved, where Rc, S, and L are the code rate, the number of parallel steams transmitted at each subcarrier, and the number of channel taps, respectively. Then, the performance degradation due to the correlation among subcarriers is investigated. Finally, the subcarrier grouping technique is employed to combat the performance degradation and provide multi-user compatibility.Comment: accepted to journa

Computationally Efficient Modified PTS for PAPR Reduction in MIMO-OFDM

Nowadays wireless communication has taken its leap for a high data rate using the multi-carrier transmission technique.Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) is one of such popular method for achieving this high information rate.OFDM has several advantages,but one of the main drawbacks is its high peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR).This is due to a large number of the subcarrier,which leads to distortion problem at receiver. An OFDM signal with the high PAPR requires power amplifier’s(PAs)with large dynamic ranges.Such PAs are less efficient,costly to manufacture and very much difficult to design.There have been a large number of techniques are available in the literature to reduce the PAPR, such as Partial transmit sequence,Selective mapping,Block Coding, Tone rejection,etc.However,the challenging part is that most of the PAPR reduction schemes come with high computational complexity.Recent PAPR reduction techniques such as partial transmit sequence(PTS)has been considered as most popular for PAPR reduction.This research work explores to find a solution for the PAPR reduction by using PTS technique, which has been implemented by using sub-blocks partitioning.In sub-block partition consists of OFDM data frame which is partitioned into several sub-blocks.An adjacent partitioning(AP)method can be perceived as the best of the existing partitioning method when the cost and PAPR reduction performance are considered together.A new technique is based on modified PTS using phase rotation and circular shifting to attain the overall reduction of PAPR in MIMO-OFDM system, but computational complexity does not decrease for the same.A Co-operative PTS technique which is mainly based on alternative PTS technique is applied.In this technique although a slight loss of PAPR reduction performance is there but with much lower computational complexity

Enhanced Trellis Coded Multiple Access (ETCMA)

We propose an enhanced version of trellis coded multiple access (TCMA), an overloaded multiple access scheme that outperforms the original TCMA in terms of achieved spectral efficiency. Enhanced TCMA (ETCMA) performs simultaneous transmission of multiple data streams intended for users experiencing similar signal-to-noise ratios and can be employed both in the uplink and in the downlink of wireless systems, thus overcoming one of the main limitations of TCMA. Thanks to a new receiver algorithm, ETCMA is capable of delivering a significantly higher spectral efficiency. We show that ETCMA approaches the capacity of the Additive White Gaussian Noise channel for a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Peak to average power ratio analysis for LTE systems

The 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) standard uses single carrier frequency division multiple access (SCFDMA) scheme for the uplink transmissions and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) in downlink. SCFDMA uses DFT spreading prior to OFDMA modulation to map the signal from each user to a subset of the available subcarriers i.e., single carrier modulation. The efficiency of a power amplifier is determined by the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of the modulated signal. In this paper, we analyze the PAPR in 3GPP LTE systems using root raised cosine based filter. Simulation results show that the SCFDMA subcarrier mapping has a significantly lower PAPR compared to OFDMA. Also comparing the three forms of SCFDMA subcarrier mapping, results show that interleave FDMA (IFDMA) subcarrier mapping with proposed root raised cosine filter reduced PAPR significantly than localized FDMA (LFDMA) and distributed (DFDMA) mapping. This improves its radio frequency (RF) power amplifier efficiency and also the mean power output from a battery driven mobile terminal.<br /