Effect of feeding various dried distillers grains plus solubles on beef meat quality

Two studies were designed to investigate the effect of feeding crossbred beef steers a standard barley-based control diet or substituting wheat, corn, or wheat/corn (40% dry matter basis) dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) on the resulting meat quality. The first study investigated the effect of diet on the quality of the longissimus muscle. It was observed that diet did not have an effect on meat composition, pH, drip loss or shear values; however, diet did have an effect on colour attributes, with steaks obtained from steers fed a DDGS diet losing redness faster over time and having a less desirable retail appearance than steaks obtained from steers fed the control diet (P<0.001). Differences (P<0.05) were also observed in both the subcutaneous and intramuscular fatty acid profiles, with steers fed corn DDGS having elevated levels of trans-monounsaturated fatty acids, and steers fed a DDGS diet having elevated levels of branched-chain fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid. The fatty acid composition of cattle fed a DDGS diet also had higher (P<0.05) concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which resulted in a less desirable n-6 to n-3 ratio. Despite the fact that fat obtained from steers fed a DDGS diet had elevated levels of total unsaturated fatty acids when compared to steers fed the control diet, no differences were observed in regards to the oxidative stability of raw or cooked meat as determined by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. The second study investigated the effect of diet on the quality of raw and pre-cooked semimembranosus roasts injected with a salt/phosphate brine. No dietary effects were observed in meat quality, processing attributes, or shear values of the non-injected SM roasts, while roasts prepared from the semimembranosus of animals fed corn DDGS had the lowest brine pickup and the highest shear values. Raw non-injected meat from steers fed a DDGS diet was less oxidatively stable than meat obtained from steers fed a control diet. Oxidative changes due to diet were mitigated in the cooked injected roasts due to the chelating effect of phosphate, which improved overall oxidative stability. Similarly, oxidation levels in the pre-cooked SM roasts remained below levels where rancidity is normally detected over 56 days of refrigerated storage at 4°C. Overall, replacing barley grain with 40% wheat, corn, or wheat/corn DDGS did not have a profound impact on meat quality attributes of raw or cooked meat

2010 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report

Cow/Calf Effect of Calving Season and Wintering System on Cow Performance Extending Grazing in Heifer Development Systems Decreases Cost Without Compromising Production Post Weaning Management of Heifer Calves Impacts ADG and Feed Efficiency as Pregnant Heifers Estrous Synchronization Increases Early Calving Frequency, Which Enhances Steer Progeny Value Reproductive Aging Influences Ovarian Function in Beef Cows Comparison of Feeding Wet Distillers Grains in a Bunk or on the Ground to Cattle Grazing Native Sandhills Winter Range.. 19 Supplementing Wet Distillers Grains Mixed with Low Quality Forage to Grazing Cow/Calf Pairs Evaluation of Storage Covers When Wet Distillers Byproducts Are Mixed and Stored with Forages Genetic Analysis of Mature Size in American Angus Cattle Factors Associated with Feed Intake of Angus Steers Genetic and Phenotypic Parameter Estimates for Feed Intake and Other Traits in Growing Beef Cattle Growing Plant and Animal Responses to Grazing Systems in the Nebraska Sandhills Supplementing Modified Wet Distillers Grains with Solubles to Long Yearling Steers Grazing Native Range Supplementing Dried Distillers Grains to Steers Grazing Cool Season Meadow Supplementing Dried Distillers Grains to Growing Calves on Smooth Bromegrass Pastures Forage Quality and Grazing Performance of Beef Cattle Grazing Brown Midrib Grain Sorghum Residue Comparing Ensiled or Fresh Mixed Wet Distillers Grains with Solubles with Straw at Two Inclusions in Growing Calf Diets Comparing the Energy Value of Wet Distillers Grains to Dry Rolled Corn in High Forage Diets Effects of Time of Transporting Prior to Sale Date on Selling Weight of Weaned Steer Calves Finishing Determinants of Profit Variability in Calf-Fed and Yearling Production Systems Routine Hedging of Fed Cattle Sales Price for Calf-Fed and Yearling Production Systems Routine Hedging of Corn Price for Calf-Fed and Yearling Production Systems Distillers Grains and Livestock Are Important to Ethanol Energy and Greenhouse Gas Balance The Economic Impact of Feeding Wet Corn Co-Products in Nebraska Update: Meta-Analysis of UNL Feedlot Trials Replacing Corn With WDGS Evaluation of Feedlot and Carcass Performance of Steers Fed Different Levels of E-Corn, a Potential New Feed Product from Ethanol Plants Effects of Using Wet Distillers Grains with Solubles to Adapt Cattle to Finishing Diets on Feed Intake, Ruminal pH, and Ruminal Hydrogen Sulfide Concentration Relating Hydrogen Sulfide Levels to Polioencephalomalacia Feeding Fiber from Wet Corn Gluten Feed and Corn Silage in Feedlot Diets Containing Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles Fiber Digestibility and Rumen pH for Diets Containing Wet Corn Gluten Feed or Wet Distillers Grains with Solubles Metabolism Characteristics of Feedlot Diets Containing Different Fat Sources Lipid and NDF Analysis of Ethanol Byproduct Feedstuffs Evaluation of a New Single Implant Strategy vs. Two Common Implant Strategies in Beef Finishing Steers Comparison of Revalor-XS vs. Two Common Implant Strategies in Finishing Steers Comparison of Revalor XS to a Revalor IS and Revalor S Implant Strategy in Finishing Steers Vaccination to Reduce the Prevalence of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 in Feedlot Cattle Fed Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles Evaluation of ProTernative Stress Formula and ProTernative Continuous Fed Formula in a High Energy Feedlot Diet Tympanic Temperature of Steers Fed Different Levels of Metabolic Energy Intake During Summer and Winter Tympanic Temperature Profiles of Confined Beef Cattle Relationship of Metabolizable Protein Balance, Purine Derivative Excretion, and 3-Methyl Histidine Excretion to Feed Efficiency in Individually Fed Finishing Heifers Beef Products Fatty Acid Profile of Beef from Steers Fed Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles (Wdgs) and Vitamin E Effects of Feeding Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles and Vitamin E on Beef Tenderness and Color Under Different Packaging Systems Wet Distillers Grains Diets Supplemented with Vitamin E Affect Sensory Attributes of Beef m. longissimus lumborum Wet Distillers Grains Diets Supplemented with Vitamin E Alter the Mineral Composition of Beef m. longissimums lumborum and m. psoas major Sensory Attributes of Beef from Steers Fed Field Peas Intramuscular Tenderness Mapping and Muscle Fiber Directions of Small Muscles in the Beef Round Alternative Muscles for Traditional Japanese and Korean Beef Recipes Steak-Quality Meat from the Beef Heel Acid Marination for Tenderness Enhancement of the Beef Bottom Round Multiple Antimicrobial Interventions for the Control of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 in Very Small Beef Processing Facilities Statistics Used in the Nebraska Beef Report and Their Purpos

Novel feed additives to improve lipid profiles in pigs

Opportunities to export high quality pork products to trade partners like Japan are economically favorable outlets for US pork producers. Domestic consumers also rely heavily on fresh pork appearance, especially color and marbling, to make initial and repeat purchasing decisions. Two studies were performed to elucidate novel ways to improve pork quality, specifically by altering the lipid profile and increasing intramuscular fat (i.m.). In experiment 1, forty individually reared barrows (100 kg ± 3 kg, PIC C23 x 337) were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatments containing dried distillers grains with solubles and 3 percent added fat to determine the resulting carcass characteristics and fresh pork quality. The treatments included 1) a positive control containing a corn and soybean meal base with 3 percent choice white grease (PCON), 2) 30 percent high protein dried distillers grain and 3 percent choice white grease (HPDDG), or 30 percent DDGS with 3) no added fat (DDGS), 4) 3 percent choice white grease (DDGS + CWG), or 5) 3 percent butter oil (DDGS + BO). Postmortem carcasses characteristics and quality attributes were not different between diets (P greater than 0.08) except the semimembranosus muscle from pigs fed HPDDGS had the most basic ultimate pH (P = 0.01) suggesting pigs fed HPDDGS had less glycolytic potential at the time of slaughter. Including DDGS in the diet decreased (P less than 0.01) MUFA and increased (P less than 0.01) PUFA. Butter oil increased (P less than 0.01) CLA content in fat, but did not increase SFA or iodine value. Although added fat in the diet altered fatty acid composition in multiple fat depots, adding additional saturated fat to the diet in the form of butter oil did not mitigate the unsaturation of DDGS. Skycis® (narasin, NAR) is a swine performance ionophore labeled to increase rate of gain in the last 4 weeks of the finishing phase. The objective of experiment 2 was to evaluate inclusion of NAR in pig diets and determine the source of carcass yield, specifically dressing percentage, improvements observed in previous studies. Barrows (n=50) and gilts (n=50) of PIC C22 x 337 genetics were randomly assigned to a diet containing 0 or 15 ppm NAR initiated at 39.5 kg of body weight and continued until slaughter. Barrows tended (P = 0.09) to have heavier viscera, significantly (P less than 0.01) more fat at the 10th rib, and a greater (P = 0.01) percentage of i.m. fat compared to gilts. Gilts were heavier muscled than barrows as evidenced by many gender differences (P less than 0.05) observed in the cutability phase of the study, specifically larger LM (P less than 0.01). Heavy muscled, lean animals such as gilts may have increased organ mass from up regulated metabolic activity, but pigs with greater intake will also have heavier intestinal tract compensating for the increased consumption suggesting barrows in this study ate more, especially late in the growth curve. Pigs fed NAR had heavier (P less than 0.01) hearts, but few treatment differences were observed in carcass quality and cutability. In general, fat content increased and made up a larger percentage of total carcass weight in pigs fed NAR. The current results do not confirm the source of previously observed differences in DP in pigs fed NAR, but could be attributed to the tendency of NAR to increase carcass fatness

2011 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report [complete]

mp94.indd Cow/Calf Winter Grazing System and Supplementation of Beef Cows During Late Gestation Influence Heifer Progeny Influencing Steer Performance Through Maternal Nutrition Integration of DNA Marker Information into Breeding Value Predictions Granulosa Cell Gene Expression is Altered in Follicles from Cows with Differing Reproductive Longevity Growing Performance of Growing Cattle Fed Corn Silage or Grazing Corn Residue from Second Generation Insect-protected (MON 89034), Parental, or Reference Corn Hybrids Nutrient Composition of Spoiled Wet Byproducts Mixed and Stored with Straw Use of Dry Rolled Corn, Dry or Wet distillers Grains Plus Solubles as an Energy Source in High Forage Diets for Growing Cattle Effect of Corn Hybrid on Amount of Residue Available for Grazing Supplementing DDGS to Steers Grazing Smooth Bromegrass Pastures Economic Analysis of Supplementing DDGS to Grazing Cattle Replacement of Grazed Forage with WDGS and Poor Quality Hay Mixtures Supplementing Modified Wet Distillers Grains with Solubles to Long Yearling Steers Grazing Native Range Effect of Stocking Rate on Animal Performance and Diet Quality While Grazing Cornstalks Digestibility of Crop Residue after Chemical Treatment and Anaerobic Storage Finishing Economics for Feeding Distillers Grains to Finishing Cattle Meta-Analysis of Feeding Calf-feds or Yearlings Wet Distillers Grains with Different Corn Processing Impact of Distillers Grains Moisture and Inclusion Level on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Corn-Ethanol-Livestock Life Cycle Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Steers Fed Low Fat and Normal Fat Wet Distillers Grains Review: Lipid Addition to Corn Finishing Diets Comparing Different Drying Methods for Distillers Grains and Its Effect on Feedlot Cattle Performance Comparing Dry, Wet, or Modified Distillers Grains Plus Solubles on Feedlot Cattle Performance The Effect of Drying Distillers Grains on Nutrient Metabolism Effect of Feeding More than 70% Wet distillers Grains Plus Solubles on Feedlot Cattle Performance Effects of Feeding a Combination of Modified Distillers Grains Plus Solubles and Wet Corn Gluten Feed to Adapt Cattle to Finishing Diets Effect of Source and Level of Sulfur on Rumen Metabolism and Finishing Performance Effects of Sulfur Concentration in Distillers Grains with Solubles in Finishing Cattle Diets Effects of Adaptation Diets Containing Wet Distillers Grains with Solubles or Wet Corn Gluten Feed on Ruminal pH, Intake and Hydrogen Sulfide Effects of Sulfur Content of Distillers Grains in Beef Cattle Finishing Diets on Intake, Ruminal pH, and Hydrogen Sulfide Economic Impact of Sulfur Levels in Distillers Grains Diets Fed to Beef Cattle Effects of Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Yucca Schidigera on Finishing Performance and Carcass Traits of Feedlot Cattle Feeding Strategies of Optaflexx on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Feedlot Steers Feedlot Cattle Performance When Fed Silage and Grain from Second-Generation Insect Protected Corn, Parental Line or Reference Hybrids Effects of Glycerin in Steam Flaked Corn Feedlot Diets Protein, Fiber, and Digestibility of Selected Alternative Crops for Beef Cattle Mud Effects on Feedlot Cattle Effect of Pen Cleaning Frequency and Feeding Distillers Grains and Wheat Straw on Nutrient Mass Balance and Performance of Feedlot Steers Relationship Between Morbidity and Performance in Feedlot Cattle Effects of a Dietary Antioxidant on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Feedlot Cattle With or Without WDGS Beef Products Effects of Feeding High Levels of Wet Distillers Grains and Straw on Beef Cattle Low-fat Wet Distillers Grains and Beef Quality Shelf Life of m. longissimus lumborum from Beef Fed Antioxidants and Wet Distillers Grains Effects of the Synthetic Antioxidants on Shelf Life of m. psoas major and m. triceps brachii Muscles from Beef Fed Wet Distillers Grains Intramuscular Tenderness and Muscle Fiber Orientation of Beef Round Muscles Marketing Source-Verified Beef to Restaurant Patrons Statistics Used in the Nebraska Beef Report and Their Purpos

Use of co-products from biofuels as a feed source for cattle and influence on the meat industry

Scope and Method of Study: Due to increased production of ethanol, frequency of distillers grains (DG) is on the rise. The objective was to determine the effects of wet (WDG) or dry (DDG) distillers grains on final product quality. Steers (n = 176) were assigned to one of five treatment groups: steam flaked corn (SFC), 10% DDG, 10% WDG, 20% WDG or 30% WDG. The objectives were to determine the effects of feeding higher levels of WDG, or DDG on carcass characteristics, meat quality, retail case life and fatty acid composition of longissimus muscle. Steaks, 2.54 cm, were cut from strip loins and identified for simulated retail display, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) analysis, sensory panel determination, and fatty acid composition.Findings and Conclusions: Treatment had no effect on adjusted fat thickness and USDA yield and quality grades. Steaks from cattle fed 10% WDG and 30% WDG had lower WBSF values than steaks from cattle fed 20% WDG. Trained sensory panelists found no differences in overall tenderness and off-flavors. No effects were found in total saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid composition among treatments, however, 20% and 30% WDG had a higher proportion of polyunsaturated and n-6 fatty acids than 10% WDG. Data suggest that feeding WDG at higher levels, 20% or 30%, does not affect sensory attributes, however, shelf life of strip loin steaks from those treatment groups had a shelf life. Further research needs to be conducted to evaluate methods that aid in increasing shelf life of steaks from cattle fed higher rates of WDG

Nebraska Beef Cattle Report 2008

Contents Cow/Calf Effect of Pre-breeding Weight and MGA Supplementation on Heifer Performance Effect of Wintering System and Nutrition Around Breeding on Gain and Reproduction in Heifers Pre- and Peri-pubertal Feeding of Melengesterol Acetate (MGA) Alters Testis Characteristics in Bulls Effects of Summer Climatic Conditions on Body Temperature in Beef Cows Supplementing Beef Cows Grazing Cornstalk Residue with a Distillers Based Cube Comparison of Crude Protein and Digestibility of Diets of Grazing Cattle at Different Sandhills Range Sites Determination of Diet Protein and Digestibility of Native Sandhills Upland Range Evaluation of Storage Methods for Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles with Added Forages Growing Use of Dried Distillers Grains to Extend Range Capacity Dried Distillers Grains Supplementation to Yearling Cattle Grazing Smooth Bromegrass: Response and Performance Profile Summary The Effects of Supplementing Wet Distillers Grains Mixed with Wheat Straw to Growing Steers Forage Quality and Grazing Performance of Beef Cattle Grazing Brown Mid-rib Grain Sorghum Residue Beef Feedlot Meta-Analysis of UNL Feedlot Trials Replacing Corn with WCGF Meta-Analysis of UNL Feedlot Trials Replacing Corn with WDGS Effect of Inclusion Level of Modified Distillers Grains Plus Solubles in Finishing Steers Effect of Corn Processing and Wet Distillers Grains on Nutrient Metabolism Effect of Distillers Grains Fat Level on Digestibility Cattle CODE: An Economic Model for Determining Byproduct Returns for Feedlot Cattle Economics of Modified Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles Use in Feedlots Influence of Corn Hybrid, Kernel Traits, and Growing Location on Digestibility Influence of Corn Hybrid and Processing Method on Finishing Performance and Carcass Characteristics Influence of Corn Hybrid and Processing Method on Ruminal and Intestinal Digestion Nutrient Mass Balance and Performance of Feedlot Cattle Fed Wet Distillers Grains Aerobic Composting or Anaerobic Stockpiling of Feedlot Manure Effects of Distillers Grains and Manure Management on Nutrient Management Plans and Economics Total and Water Soluble Phosphorus Content of Feedlot Cattle Feces and Manure Climate Conditions in Bedded Confinement Buildings Modeling Daily Water Intake in Cattle Finished in Feedlots Sorting Steers by Weight into Calf-Fed, Summer Yearlings and Fall Yearling Feed Systems Performance and Economics of Two Calf Wintering Systems Evaluation of Calf-fed and Long Yearling Production with Increasing Corn Price The Effect of Delaying Initial Feedlot Implant on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Calf-fed Steers Effect of Backgrounding Gain, Grazing Length and Dry Distillers Grain Consumption on Performance and Carcass Traits of June Born Cattle Price Discovery in North and West Central Nebraska Livestock Auction Markets The Cattle Price Cycle: Revisited Again Effect of Excede® Administered to Calves at Arrival in the Feedlot on Performance and Respiratory Disease Vaccination for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Feedlot Cattle Beef Products Mapping Tenderness of the Serratus Ventralis Factors That Influence Consumers’ Overall Sensory Acceptance of Strip Steaks Analysis of Veal Shoulder Muscles for Chemical Attributes Effects of Aging on Veal Shoulder Muscles Tenderness, Sensory, and Color Attributes of Two Muscles from the Beef Knuckle Characteristics of Beef Finished on Wet Distillers Grains with Varying Types and Levels of Roughage Influence of Feeding Wet Distillers Grains on Fatty Acid Composition of Beef Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles Affect Lipid Oxidation and Objective Color of Beef Steaks Effects of Wet Distillers Grains Finishing Diets on Fat Content and Marbling Score in Steers Analytical Methods: New Technology Sampling Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles to Determine Nutrient Variability Evaluation of Methods for Dry Matter Determination of Ethanol Byproducts Ruminal Methane Production Following the Replacement of Dietary Corn with Dried Distillers Grains Relationship Between Metabolizable Protein Balance and Feed Efficiency of Steers and Heifers Microbial Characteristics, Microbial Nitrogen Flow, and Urinary Purine Derivative Excretion in Steers Fed at Two Levels of Feed Intake Predicting Aged Beef Tenderness with a Hyperspectral Imaging System Statistics Used in the Nebraska Beef Report and Their Purpos

Nebraska 2007 Beef Cattle Report

Table of Contents Cow/Calf Utilization of Dried Distillers Grains for Developing Beef Heifers Progestin Concentrations Alter Follicle Characteristics and May Affect Quality of Oocytes (Eggs) Growing Summary Analysis of Grazing Yearling Response to Distillers Grains Dried Distillers Grains Substitute for Forage and Nitrogen on Pasture: N Dynamics and Use Efficiency Comparing a Modified Dry Byproduct to Dry Distillers Grains with Solubles in Growing Calf Diets Effect of Distillers Grains Composition and Level on Steers Consuming High-Quality Forage Replacement of Forage with Dried Distillers Grains Reduces Ruminal Methane Production Dried Distillers Grains as Creep Feed for Yearling Beef Cattle Grazing Sandhill Range Beef Feedlot Effect of Feeding a By-product Combination at Two Levels or By-product Alone in Feedlot Diets Effects of Different Inclusion Levels of Wet Distiller Grains in Feedlot Diets Containing Wet Corn Gluten Feed Effects of Roughage Source and Level with the Inclusion of Wet Distillers Grains on Finishing Cattle Performance and Economics Effect of Corn Processing and Wet Distillers Grains Inclusion Level in Finishing Diets Optimum Levels of Dry Distillers Grains with Solubles for Finishing Beef Steers Digestibility, Rumen Metabolism, and Site of Digestion for Finishing Diets Containing Wet Distillers Grains or Corn Oil Pen Density and Straw Bedding During Feedlot Finishing Environmental Factors Affecting Water Intake in Steers Finishing in Feedlots Feedlot Surface Conditions and Ammonia Emissions Effect of Phase Feeding Protein on Cattle Performance and Nitrogen Mass Balance in Open Feedlots Changes in Gain Through the Feeding Period Comparison of a Long Yearling System and Calf-fed Performance and Economics Effect of Sorting and Feeding Optaflexx on Performance and Economics of Long Yearling Steers Performance Profile and Carcass Characteristics of Steers Fed Optaflexx Evaluation of Excede® Given at Either Initial Processing or Revaccination on Bovine Respiratory Disease and Pasture vs Feedlot Receiving Systems Evaluation of Synovex Choice Versus Revalor Implant Strategies in Beef Finishing Steers Effect of CRINA RUMINANTS AF, a Mixture of Essential Oil Compounds, on Finishing Beef Steer Performance Effect of CRINA RUMINANTS AF, a Mixture of Essential Oil Compounds, on Ruminal Fermentation and Digestibility Feeding Potassium Bicarbonate and Sodium Chloride in Finishing Diets Effect of Feeding DAS-59122-7 Corn Grain and Non-transgenic Corn Grain to Finishing Feedlot Steers Beef Products Identification of Off-Flavor Compounds in Beef Round and Chuck Muscles Fatty Acids and Minerals Affect the Liver-Like Off-Flavor in Cooked Beef Off-Flavor Mitigation in Cow Steaks Masking Off-Flavors in Ground Beef Enhancement of Beef Chuck and Round Muscles with Ammonium Hydroxide Effects of Aging on Beef Chuck and Round Muscles Enhanced with Ammonium Hydroxide and Salt Ranking Beef Muscles for Warner-Bratzler Shear Force and Trained Sensory Panel Ratings New Technology Hyperspectral Imaging: A Non-Invasive Technique to Predict Beef Tenderness Evaluating Use of Urinary Purine Derivative to Creatinine Ratio as an Estimate of Microbial Protein Production in Steers Diurnal and Dietary Impacts on Purine Derivative Excretion from Spot Samples of Urine Chronic Exposure of Ruminal Fluid Cultures to Treatments That Inhibit Methanogenesis Comparison of In Vivo Digestibility to In Vitro Digestibility of Five Forages Fed to Steers Using a Modified In Vitro Procedure to Measure Corn Bran Buoyancy Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitory Isoform Is Regulated Prior to Ovulation Inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Manipulates Follicles in Beef Females Statistics Used in the Nebraska Beef Report and Their Purpos