27,933 research outputs found
Feedback-Driven Dynamic Invariant Discovery
Program invariants can help software developers identify program properties that must be preserved as the software evolves, however, formulating correct invariants can be challenging. In this work, we introduce iDiscovery, a technique which leverages symbolic execution to improve the quality of dynamically discovered invariants computed by Daikon. Candidate invariants generated by Daikon are synthesized into assertions and instrumented onto the program. The instrumented code is executed symbolically to generate new test cases that are fed back to Daikon to help further re ne the set of candidate invariants. This feedback loop is executed until a x-point is reached. To mitigate the cost of symbolic execution, we present optimizations to prune the symbolic state space and to reduce the complexity of the generated path conditions. We also leverage recent advances in constraint solution reuse techniques to avoid computing results for the same constraints across iterations. Experimental results show that iDiscovery converges to a set of higher quality invariants compared to the initial set of candidate invariants in a small number of iterations
Time-varying spot and futures oil price dynamics
We investigate the role of crude oil spot and futures prices in the process of price discovery by using a cost-of-carry model with an endogenous convenience yield and daily data over the period from January 1990 to December 2008. We provide evidence that futures markets play a more important role than spot markets in the case of contracts with shorter maturities, but the relative contribution of the two types of market turns out to be highly unstable, especially
for the most deferred contracts. The implications of these results for hedging and forecasting crude oil spot prices are also discussed
Cortical region interactions and the functional role of apical dendrites
The basal and distal apical dendrites of pyramidal cells occupy distinct
cortical layers and are targeted by axons originating in different cortical
regions. Hence, apical and basal dendrites receive information from distinct
sources. Physiological evidence suggests that this anatomically observed
segregation of input sources may have functional significance. This possibility
has been explored in various connectionist models that employ neurons with
functionally distinct apical and basal compartments. A neuron in which separate
sets of inputs can be integrated independently has the potential to operate in a
variety of ways which are not possible for the conventional model of a neuron in
which all inputs are treated equally. This article thus considers how
functionally distinct apical and basal dendrites can contribute to the
information processing capacities of single neurons and, in particular, how
information from different cortical regions could have disparate affects on
neural activity and learning
High-speed shear driven dynamos. Part 2. Numerical analysis
This paper aims to numerically verify the large Reynolds number asymptotic
theory of magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) flows proposed in the companion paper
Deguchi (2019). To avoid any complexity associated with the chaotic nature of
turbulence and flow geometry, nonlinear steady solutions of the
viscous-resistive magneto-hydrodynamic equations in plane Couette flow have
been utilised. Two classes of nonlinear MHD states, which convert kinematic
energy to magnetic energy effectively, have been determined. The first class of
nonlinear states can be obtained when a small spanwise uniform magnetic field
is applied to the known hydrodynamic solution branch of the plane Couette flow.
The nonlinear states are characterised by the hydrodynamic/magnetic roll-streak
and the resonant layer at which strong vorticity and current sheets are
observed. These flow features, and the induced strong streamwise magnetic
field, are fully consistent with the vortex/Alfv\'en wave interaction theory
proposed in Deguchi (2019). When the spanwise uniform magnetic field is
switched off, the solutions become purely hydrodynamic. However, the second
class of `self-sustained shear driven dynamos' at the zero-external magnetic
field limit can be found by homotopy via the forced states subject to a
spanwise uniform current field. The discovery of the dynamo states has
motivated the corresponding large Reynolds number matched asymptotic analysis
in Deguchi (2019). Here, the reduced equations derived by the asymptotic theory
have been solved numerically. The asymptotic solution provides remarkably good
predictions for the finite Reynolds number dynamo solutions
Time-varying spot and futures oil price dynamics
We investigate the role of crude oil spot and futures prices in the process of price discovery by using a cost-of-carry model with an endogenous convenience yield and daily data over the period from January 1990 to December 2008. We provide evidence that futures markets play a more important role than spot markets in the case of contracts with shorter maturities, but the relative contribution of the two types of market turns out to be highly unstable, especially for the most deferred contracts. The implications of these results for hedging and forecasting crude oil spot prices are also discussed.Cointegration, Oil market, Futures prices, Price Discovery.
Time-Varying Spot and Futures Oil Price Dynamics
We investigate the role of crude oil spot and futures prices in the process of price discovery by using a cost-of-carry model with an endogenous convenience yield and daily data over the period from January 1990 to December 2008. We provide evidence that futures markets play a more important role than spot markets in the case of contracts with shorter maturities, but the relative contribution of the two types of market turns out to be highly unstable, especially for the most deferred contracts. The implications of these results for hedging and forecasting crude oil spot prices are also discussed.Cointegration, oil market, futures prices, price discovery
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