Organic vegetable proteins and oil in feed for organic rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Fish meal may be partly replaced by a matrix of organic horse bean, pea and rape, and flax seed oil may replace fish oil in diets for organic rainbow trout without compromising growth performance and feed utilization

Economic feed utilization for dairy buffalo under intensive agricultural system

The national strategies for the irrigated intensive agricultural system in developing countries should focus upon Producing less expensive milk from dairy buffaloes that, efficiently, utilize the limited expensive produced feed resources. Therefore, planning for the least cost feeds combination is the most recommended approach to keep buffalo milk price at a competitive level and being low enough to make milk available for the major proportion of the low-income households, particularly “Vulnerable Groups”. Estimation of the least cost feed ration combination of the limited expensive feed resources were conducted from a recent farm survey of the dairy buffalo performances and the feed use pattern in Egypt. The estimated average production elasticity of fodder, concentrate feeds mix and straw, implies that their shares in generated buffalo milk income are 41.7%, 35%,and 23.3%, respectively.. The response of the human labor was of negative direction and statistically insignificant. This means that the labor used per dairy buffalo was beyond the economic level, that reflects the excess farm-family labor involved in such activity, because they have almost nil opportunity income of off farm work. The other capital inputs have small positive effect on milk production, The average marginal return from milk per onedollar expenditure reached $.1.08 for fodder,and$ 1.04 for concentrated feed mix, i.e. it isfeasible to expand the usage of fodder more than concentrates.The wheat straw has shown uneconomic efficiency. Therefore, it is recommended to limit its level in the ration. The least cost ration reduces feed cost of one ton of buffalo milk equivalent (4% fat) by 22%. The less costs of production will strength the competition of domestic supply either against in the international export market or against the dumping policies followed by exporters to the domestic market.Economic feed, Water buffalo, Intensive system.

Effects of organic plant oils and role of oxidation on nutrient utilization in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The study compared the effect of four either fresh or force oxidized organic plant oils in diets for juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in which 47% of conventional LT fish meal protein was substituted by a mixture of 3 organic plant protein concentrates. Fish oil was completely substituted with either organic linseed oil; rape seed oil; sunflower oil or grape seed oil and evaluated based on feed intake, feed utilization, growth and digestibility. None of the plant oils affected feed intake and growth parameters. Organic plant oils had all a positive effect on lipid digestibility as compared with the fish oil based control diet, despite the very different FA profiles. The organic vegetable oils did not undergo autoxidation, as opposed to the fish oil control for which lipid digestibility was significantly negative influenced

Effects of fish-meal, cow blood-meal, and sorghum diets on food utilization and growth of cage cultured Sarotherodon niloticus

The growth responses and feed utilization of Sarotherodon niloticus held in metal cages in a pond and fed diets containing fish-meal, cow blood-meal or sorghum was studied. Results indicate that the best growth, feed conversion and protein efficiency ratio were obtained with the diet containing 60% fish-meal. The growth performance of fish on 40% fish-meal, and 40% and 60% blood meal were not significantly different, and were quite close to the performance with 60% fish-meal. The growth and food utilization of fish on 84% sorghum diet was significantly lower than the rest. The Caged fish without supplemental feeding had a light gain in weight. All fish with supplemental feeding appeared healthy. It is concluded that cow blood meal at 40% or 60% inclusion in diet can adequately replace fish-meal in S. niloticus supplemental diet in pond cultur

Penggunaan Bakteri Kandidat Probiotik Pada Pakan Buatan Terhadap Efisiensi Pemanfaatan Pakan, Pertumbuhan Dan Kelulushidupan Lele Dumbo (Clarias Gariepinus)

Pemberian bakteri kandidat probiotik yang berasosiasi di dalam usus lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) pada pakan buatan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan, pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan didalam kultur lele dumbo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan bakteri probiotik terhadap efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan, pertumbuhan, kelulushidupan lele dumbo (C. gariepinus) dan untuk mengetahui jenis bakteri terbaik. Bakteri probiotik yang digunakan adalah Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas putida dimana bakteri tersebut telah di isolasi dari dalam usus lele dumbo. Variabel yang dikaji meliputi efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan, laju pertumbuhan spesifik harian (Specific Growth Rate), dan kelulushidupan (Survival Rate). Penelitian ini menggunakan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan, yaitu perlakuan A (kontrol), B (bakteri probiotik Bacillus subtilis ), C (bakteri probiotik Bacillus licheniformis), dan D (bakteri probiotik Pseudomonas putida) dengan kepadatan bakteri probiotik yang diberikan pada masing-masing perlakuan sebanyak 107 sel/ml. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan B memberikan nilai efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan (EPP), (SGR) dan kelulushidupan (SR) tertinggi (P<0,05), yaitu dengan nilai (67,32 ± 2,63%), (2,95 ± 0,15%) dan (95,00 ± 5,00%). Berdasarkan pada hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan bakteri kandidat probiotik penggunaan bakteri kandidat probiotik memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan dan pertumbuhan lele dumbo, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kelulushidupan lele dumbo. Serta bakteri Bacliius subtilis dengan kepadatan 107 sel/ml dapat meningkatkan nilai EPP, SGR dan SR selama 56 hari pemeliharaan lele dumbo. The addition of probiotic bacteria candidate assosiated in the catfish intestine (Clarias gariepinus) in the artificial feed was able to incrased on feed utilization efficiency (EPP), specific growth rate and survival rate in the culture catfish. The aims of this research was to find out the effect of addition probiotic bacteria on feed utilization efficiency (FUE), specific growth rate (SGR), survival rate (SR) and to know best bacteria strain. Probiotic bacteria in uses is Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas putida where probiotic bacteria the has in isolation in the catfish intestine. The variables examined included the value of the efficiency of feed utilization (EPP), the specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate (SR). This research uses 4 treatment and 3 replicates, that is treatment A (control), B (probiotic bacteria Bacillus subtilis), C (probiotic bacteria Bacillus licheniformis), and D (probiotic bacteria Pseudomonas putida) with density probiotic bacteria in the given each treatment as much 107 sel/ml. The result of this research in the treatment B showed that efficiency of feed utilization score, growth and highest survival rate (P<0,05), that is EPP (67,32± 2,63%), SGR (2,95 ± 0,15%) dan SR (95,00 ± 5,00%). Besed from the result showed that utilization of bacteria probiotic candidate of different feed utilization efficiency and spesifik growth on significantly different effect (P<0,05), but not significantly of survival rate Clarias gariepinus. Bacteria Bacillus subtilis to synthetic feed with density 107 sel/ml can be increase EPP, SGR and SR to maintenancy catfish during 56 day

Nutrient Digestibility and Productivity of Bali Cattle Fed Fermented Hymenachne Amplexia­calis Based Rations Supplemented with Leucaena Leucocephala

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) leaf supplementation in fermented kumpai grass (Hymenachne amplexia­calis) based rations on the productivity of Bali cattle. Variables measured were dry matter and organic matter intakes, nutrient digestibility (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and crude fiber), body weight gain, and feed efficiency. The types of rations were: Ration A= 45% fermented kumpai grass + 40% benggala grass + 15% concentrate + 0% lamtoro leaf, Ration B= 45% fermented kumpai grass + 30% benggala grass + 15% concentrate + 10% lamtoro leaf, Ration C= 45% fermented kumpai grass + 20% benggala grass + 15% concentrate + 20% lamtoro leaf, and Ration D= 45% fermented kumpai grass + 10% benggala grass + 15% concentrate + 30% lamtoro leaf. The supplementation of lamtoro leaf up to 30% into the ration could increase (P<0.05) dry matter and organic matter intakes, and crude protein digestibility. The highest body weight gain and feed efficiency were found in Bali cattle fed ration with 20% lamtoro leaf supplementation. The level of lamtoro leaf supplementation in the ration did not affect the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude fiber. It was concluded that the supplementation of lamtoro leaf in the ration could increase dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein intakes. Addition of 20% lamtoro leaf gave the best effect on the increased body weight gain and feed efficiency in Bali cattle

Pengaruh Padat Tebar Tinggi Terhadap Kelangsungan Hidup, Konsumsi Pakan Dan Efisiensi Pakan Serta Pertumbuhan Juvenil Lobster Air Tawar (Cherax SP.)

Lobster air tawar (Cherax sp.) merupakan salah satu jenis lobster yang telah dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Padat penebaran merupakan salah satu faktor kunci untuk mencapai produksi yang optimal, terkait dengan budidaya intensif untuk memperoleh produksi yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh padat tebar terhadap kelangsungan hidup, konsumsi pakan dan efisiensi pakan serta pertumbuhan lobster air tawar stadia juvenil (Cherax sp.). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober – Desember 2013 di Laboratorium Basah Budidaya Perairan, Jurusan Perikanan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang. Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah Lobster Air Tawar (Cherax sp.) umur 40 hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 kali ulangan yaitu perlakuan A (padat penebaran 200 ekor/m2), B (padat penebaran 250 ekor/m2), C (padat penebaran 300 ekor/m2), D (padat penebaran 350 ekor/m2). Variabel yang diukur adalah glukosa darah, tingkat konsumsi pakan, efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan, pertumbuhan, kelulushidupan dan kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh (P<0,05) padat penebaran terhadap efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan, pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan lobster air tawar. Perlakuan A (padat penebaran 200 ekor/m2)memiliki hasil tertinggi pada efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan yaitu 64,50±1,23%, pertumbuhan yaitu 1,81±0,02% dan kelulushidupan yaitu 90,28±2,41%. Sedangkan pada perlakuan D (padat penebaran 350 ekor/m2) memiliki hasil terendah yaitu efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan 41,80±0,56%, pertumbuhan 1,02±0,00% dan kelulushidupan 65,87±1,37%. Padat tebar yang terbaik untuk pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan lobster air tawar stadia juvenil adalah 200 ekor/m2. Freshwater crayfish (Cherax sp.) is one type of lobsters that has been cultivated in Indonesia. One obstacle is the lobster stocking density. Stocking density is one of the key factors to achieve optimal growth, it is associated with intensive cultivation to obtain high production. This study aimed to assess the effect of stocking density on survival rate, consumption and efficiency of feed utilization and growth rate of juvenile stadia freshwater crayfish (Cherax sp.). The research was implemented in October-December 2013 in the Wet Laboratory of Aquaculture, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University. Semarang. Cultivan used in this research is Freshwater Lobster (Cherax sp.) aged 40 days. Using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications that treatment A (200 ekor/m2 stocking density), B (250 lobsters/m2 stocking density), C (300 lobsters/m2 stocking density), D (300 lobsters/m2 stocking density). The variables measured were blood glucose, the level of feed intake, feed utilization efficiency, growth, survival and quality of water. The results showed there was effect (P<0.05) stocking density against survival rate, feed utilization efficiency and growth rate juvenil Freshwater Lobster (Cherax sp.). Treatment A (stocking density 200 lobsters/m2) had the highest result on the efficiency of feed utilization is 64.50±1.23% , the growth rate of which is 1.81 ± 0.02 % and the survival rate is 90.28±2.41% . While on treatment D (stocking density 350 lobsters/m2) had the lowest result efficiency of feed utilization is 41.80±0.56%, 1.02±0.00% growth and survival 65.87±1.37%. The best stocking density for growth and survival of juvenile freshwater crayfish is 250 lobsters/m2

Effects of Dietary Pelargonium sidoides Extract on Growth Performance in Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio

The effects of graded dietary supplementation of Pelargonium sidoides extract on growth performance, feed utilization, and body composition in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, were preliminarily evaluated. Fish (0.67±0.05 g) were fed experimental diets containing 0, 1, 3, or 5 ml/100 g P. sidoides extract for 90 days. Growth rate significantly (p<0.05) increased in carp fed supplemented diets. The specific growth rate ranged from 2.87±0.09 in the control to 3.41±0.11 in fish fed the diet supplemented with 5 ml P. sidoides. The feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and apparent net protein utilization were significantly better in groups fed diets with 3 or 5 ml P. sidoides extract than in the control or 1 ml group. The highest protein content (19.65%) was obtained with 3 ml supplementation. The present study shows that P. sidoides extract has a positive effect on carp growth and feed utilization with no apparent effects on health status

Partial substitution of concentrates by maize silage in rations for organic dairy cows and its influence on performance and utilization efficiency

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of partial substitution of purchased concentrates with maize silage on feed intake, energy and nutrient supply, milk production and feed utilization efficiency in organic dairy cows. In the experiment, two winter rations were compared. In the experimental group (E) 2/3 of average herd concentrate intake were replaced by maize silage. In group E total dry matter, protein und energy intake was significantly lower than in the control group (C) (16.3 and 17.8 kg, 99 and 110 MJ NEL, 2170 and 2460 g crude protein, respectively). Milk yield decreased in group E by 1.7 kg, which was not statistically significant. Ruminal nitrogen balance and dietary protein to energy ratio was significantly lower in group E as compared to group C (-8 and 22 g, 21 and 24 g/MJ NEL, respectively). The diet for group E had no effect on milk composition, except milk urea content, which was in tendency lower in group E (15 and 17 mg 100ml-1). Estimated milk yield from forage was considerably higher in group E (15.9 vs 13.5 kg). Efficiency of nitrogen (N) utilization was tendencially higher in group E

Comparison of Organic swine production data across 6 different organic farms

This report is part of the Pig production in eco-efficient organic systems (pEcosystem) project within the OrganicRDD2 programme coordinated by ICROFS (International Centre for Research in Organic Food Systems) and founded by GUDP (Green Development and Demonstration Program) under the Danish Ministry of Food, Farming and Fisheries. Read more: http://agro.au.dk/forskning/pro-jekter/pecosystem