Interest rate models with Markov chains

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Are Interest Rate Derivatives Spanned by the Term Structure of Interest Rates?

We investigate whether the same finite dimensional dynamic system spans both interest rates (the yield curve) and interest rate options (the implied volatility surface). We find that the options market exhibits factors independent of the underlying yield curve. While three common factors are adequate to capture the systematic movement of the yield curve, we need three additional factors to capture the movement of the implied volatility surface.Factors; principal component; LIBOR; swaps; swaptions; yield curve; implied volatility surface.

Time-Changed Levy Processes and Option Pricing

As is well known, the classic Black­Scholes option pricing model assumes that returns follow Brownian motion. It is widely recognized that return processes differ from this benchmark in at least three important ways. First, asset prices jump, leading to non­normal return innovations. Second, return volatilities vary stochastically over time. Third, returns and their volatilities are correlated, often negatively for equities. We propose that time­changed Levy processes be used to simultaneously address these three facets of the underlying asset return process. We show that our framework encompasses almost all of the models proposed in the option pricing literature. Despite the generality of our approach, we show that it is straightforward to select and test a particular option pricing model through the use of characteristic function technology.random time change; Levy processes; characteristic functions; option pricing; exponen­tial martingales; measure change

Fractional diffusion models of option prices in markets with jumps.

Most of the recent literature dealing with the modeling of financial assets assumes that the underlying dynamics of equity prices follow a jump process or a Lévy process. This is done to incorporate rare or extreme events not captured by Gaussian models. Of those financial models proposed, the most interesting include the CGMY, KoBoL and FMLS. All of these capture some of the most important characteristics of the dynamics of stock prices. In this article we show that for these particular Lévy processes, the prices of financial derivatives, such as European-style options, satisfy a fractional partial differential equation (FPDE). As an application, we use numerical techniques to price exotic options, in particular barrier options, by solving the corresponding FPDEs derivedFractional-Black–Scholes; Lévy-stable processes; FMLS; KoBoL; CGMY; Fractional calculus; Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative; Barrier options; Down-and-out; Up-and-out; Double knock-out;