Engineering data compendium. Human perception and performance. User's guide

The concept underlying the Engineering Data Compendium was the product of a research and development program (Integrated Perceptual Information for Designers project) aimed at facilitating the application of basic research findings in human performance to the design and military crew systems. The principal objective was to develop a workable strategy for: (1) identifying and distilling information of potential value to system design from the existing research literature, and (2) presenting this technical information in a way that would aid its accessibility, interpretability, and applicability by systems designers. The present four volumes of the Engineering Data Compendium represent the first implementation of this strategy. This is the first volume, the User's Guide, containing a description of the program and instructions for its use

Preferred lightness and chromatic image contrast reproduction

In this study, the image preference as a function of lightness and chromatic contrast of images produced on an ink-jet printer is examined. The purpose is to develop image manipulation rules, useful in the development of printer algorithms to produce images that are preferred by viewers over images that have been printed without application of these rules. Five images are used during the psychophysical experiment, two business graphics and three pictorial, processed in three different ways in RLAB color space, once having only the tightness contrast varied, then only the chromatic contrast, and finally both lightness and chromatic contrast varied. The results showed that for the graphics images seen without a CRT original used for comparison, the mean preference was an increase in lightness contrast, while with an original available for comparison, the mean preference indicated a decrease in both lightness and chromatic contrast. For pictorial images, in the first phase of the experiment the mean preference was an increase in both lightness and chromatic contrast, and after comparison, a decrease in lightness and simultaneous decrease in lightness and chromatic contrast are the most preferred

Human factors considerations for the use of color in display systems

Identified and assessed are those human factor considerations impacting an operator's ability to perform when information is displayed in color as contrasted to monochrome (black and white only). The findings provide valuable guidelines for the assessment of the advantages (and disadvantages) of using a color display system. The use of color provides an additional sensory channel (color perception) which is not available with black and white. The degree to which one can exploit the use of this channel is highly dependent on available display technology, mission information display requirements, and acceptable operational modes

Modeling human color categorization: color discrimination and color memory

Color matching in Content-Based Image Retrieval is done using a color space and measuring distances between colors. Such an approach yields non-intuitive results for the user. We introduce color categories (or focal colors), determine that they are valid, and use them in two experiments. The experiments conducted prove the difference between color categorization by the cognitive processes color discrimination and color memory. In addition, they yield a Color Look-Up Table, which can improve color matching, that can be seen as a model for human color matching

Light environment - A. Visible light. B. Ultraviolet light

Visible and ultraviolet light environment as related to human performance and safety during space mission

e-Nudging Justice: The Role of Digital Choice Architecture in Online Courts

Justice systems around the world are launching online courts and tribunals as a means to improve their efficiency, increase access to justice, and ameliorate the quality of proceedings. These online courts and tribunals are publicly administered judicial online dispute resolution (ODR) systems that enable litigants, lawyers, judges and court personnel to complete all litigation related activities, from filing through final disposition, on a dedicated digital platform. Online courts are envisioned as a promising response to many challenges that civil justice systems face, including those stemming from voluminous case filings, procedural complexity, limited accessibility, high costs of litigation, and the ubiquity of settlements and non-trial adjudication. The guiding premise of judicial ODR systems is that information technology (IT) and innovative procedural design can improve the accessibility, efficiency and effectiveness of courts. Specifically, most online courts are designed to improve access to justice for self-represented litigants (SRLs), who access courts unassisted by lawyers. As such, they respond to calls to redesign civil courts for the typical litigant and process, and specifically, for the skills and needs of SRLs

Conceptual design study for an advanced cab and visual system, volume 2

The performance, design, construction and testing requirements are defined for developing an advanced cab and visual system. The rotorcraft system integration simulator is composed of the advanced cab and visual system and the rotorcraft system motion generator, and is part of an existing simulation facility. User's applications for the simulator include rotorcraft design development, product improvement, threat assessment, and accident investigation

The Effect Of Colors Of E-commerce Websites On Mood, Memorization And Buying Intention

This paper aims at studying the impact of the colors of e-commerce websites on consumer memorization and buying intention. Based on a literature review we wish to introduce the theoretical and methodological bases addressing this issue. A conceptual model is proposed, showing the effects of the color of the e-commerce website and of its components Hue, Brightness and Saturation, on the behavioral responses of the consumer memorization and buying intention. These responses are conveyed by mood. Data collection was carried out during a laboratory experiment in order to control for the measurement of the colored appearance of e-commerce websites. Participants visited one of the 8 versions of a website designed for the research, selling music CDs. Data analysis using ANOVA, regressions and general linear models (GLM), show a significant effect of color on memorization, conveyed by mood. The interaction of hue and brightness, using chromatic colors for the dominant (background) and dynamic (foreground) supports memorization and buying intention, when contrast is based on low brightness. A negative mood infers better memorization but a decreasing buying intention. The managerial, methodological and theoretical implications, as well as the future ways of research were put in prospect

Human factors aspects of control room design: Guidelines and annotated bibliography

A human factors analysis of the workstation design for the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite mission operation room is discussed. The relevance of anthropometry, design rules, environmental design goals, and the social-psychological environment are discussed