Removal of Boron from aqueous solutions by adsorption using fly ash, zeolite and demineralized lignite

In the present study for the purpose of removal of boron from water by adsorption using adsorbents like fly ash, natural zeolite and demineralized lignite was investigated. Boron in water was removed with fly ash, zeolite and demineralized lignite with different capacities. 94% boron was removed using fly ash. Batch experiments were conducted to test removal capacity, to obtain adsorption isotherms, thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. Boron removal by all adsorbents was affected by pH of solution; maximum adsorption was achieved at pH 10. Adsorption of boron on fly ash was investigated by Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich models. Standard entropy and enthalpy changes of adsorption of boron on fly ash were, =S0 = -0.69 kJ/mol K and =H0 = -215.34 kJ/mol, respectively. The negative value of S0 indicated decreased randomness at the solid/solution interface during the adsorption boron on the fly ash sample. Negative values of H0 showed the exothermic nature of the process. The negative values of G0 implied that the adsorption of boron on fly ash samples was spontaneous. Adsorption of boron on fly ash occurred with a pseudo-second order kinetic model, intraparticle diffusion of boron species had also some effect in adsorption kinetics

Environmentally Friendly Pervious Concrete for Treating Deicer-Laden Stormwater: Phase I

A graphene oxide-modified pervious concrete was developed by using low-reactivity, high-calcium fly ash as sole binder and chemical activators and other admixtures. The density, void ratio, mechanical strength, infiltration rate, Young’s modulus, freeze-deicer salt scaling, and degradation resistance of this pervious concrete were measured against three control groups. The test results indicate that graphene oxide modified fly ash pervious concrete is comparable to Portland cement pervious concrete. While the addition of 0.03% graphene oxide (by weight of fly ash) noticeably increased the compressive strength, split tensile strength, Young’s modulus, freeze-deicer salt scaling, and degradation resistance of fly ash pervious concrete, it reduced the void ratio and infiltration rate. The fly ash pervious concrete also showed unfavorable high initial loss during the freeze-deicer salt scaling test, which may be attributed to the low hydration degree of fly ash at early age. It is recommended that durability tests for fly ash concrete be performed at a later age

Environmentally Friendly Pervious Concrete for Treating Deicer-Laden Stormwater: Phase II

In Phase I of this project, graphene oxide (GO)-modified pervious concrete was developed using coal fly ash as the sole binder. The primary objectives of Phase II of this project were (1) to evaluate the stormwater infiltration capacity of GO-modified fly ash pervious concrete; (2) to evaluate the durability performance of GO-modified fly ash pervious concrete using freeze/thaw and salt resistance testing methods; and (3) to use advanced analytical tools to fully characterize the GO-modified fly ash binder. Test results indicate different degrees of reduction in concentrations of possible pollutants in stormwater—copper, zinc, sulphate, chloride, ammonia, nitrate, and total phosphate. The incorporation of GO significantly improved the resistance of pervious concrete to freeze/thaw cycles and ambient-temperature salt attack. The specimens were examined using X-ray diffraction, which revealed that the mineralogy and the chemical composition of fly ash pastes differ considerably from those of cement pastes. Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to study the chemical structure and ordering of different hydrates, and provided enhanced understanding of the freeze/thaw and salt scaling resistance of fly ash pervious concrete and the role of GO

Pirometalurška obdelava katalizatorja z vsebnostjo srebra

The following article describes the thermal process for the recovery of used silver from Ag catalysts using an 80-kVA plasma reactor, along with an appropriate flux and reducing agent. An Ag catalyst was melted in three separate experiments with different weights. The overall recovery of silver from the melted Ag catalysts was high (93.8-96.4) %. The byproducts of the melting of the Ag catalysts were the inert vitrified slag, synthesis gas and fly ash. The chemical analysis of fly ash confirmed that, in addition to mechanically stripped oxides that were present in the batch (CaO, SiO2, MgO, and Al2O3), fly ash also contained a high amount of condensed silver. Indeed, silver evaporated at a high temperature during the melting process. The silver condensed in fly ash was at a level of 37.08-48.37 % of the total weight of fly ash. Therefore, fly ash had to be recycled. The synthesis gas from the process had a relatively low heating value (0.6335 MJ m(-3)).Članek opisuje termični način pridobivanja srebra iz rabljenih Ag katalizatorjev v 80 kVA plazemskem reaktorju v prisotnosti ustreznih talil in redukcijskega sredstva. Ag katalizator se je talil v treh poskusih z različno maso. Skupi iznos srebra pri procesu taljenja Ag katalizatorjev je bil visok (od 93,8 % do 96,4 %). Pri taljenju katalizatorja je nastajala inertna vitrificirana žlindra, sintezni plin in ostale ubežne emisije. Kemična analiza ubežnih emisij je potrdila, da so poleg mehansko odtrganih oksidov iz vhodnega materiala (CaO, SiO2, MgO, Al2O3) vsebovale tudi višjo vsebnost kondenziranega srebra. Srebro je v procesu taljenja izparelo pri visoki temperaturi. V ubežnih emisijah kondenzirano srebro je bilo na nivoju od 37,08 % do 48,37 %. Ubežne emisije je bilo treba zato reciklirati. S procesom pridobljeni sintezni plin je bil razmeroma nizke kalorične vrednosti (0.6335 MJ m–3).Web of Science52213813

Evaluation of Fly Ash Concrete Durability Containing Class II Durability Aggregates, July 1986

Fly ash was used in this evaluation study to replace 15% of the cement in Class C-3 concrete paving mixes. One Class "c" ash from Iowa approved sources was examined in each mix. Substitution rate was based on 1 to 1 basis, for each pound of cement removed 1.0 pound of ash was added. The freeze/thaw durability of the concrete studied was not adversely affected by the presence of fly ash. This study reveals that the durability of the concrete test specimens made with Class II durability aggregates was slightly increased in all cases by the substitution of cement with 15% Class "c" fly ash. In all cases durability factors either remained the same or slightly improved except for one case where the durability factor decreased from 36 to 34. The expansion decreased in all cases

CONSISTENCY OF FLY ASH QUALITY FOR MAKING HIGH VOLUME FLY ASH CONCRETE

Fly ash is a by-product of coal burning and is widely used as a substitute for cement material. The advantages of using fly ash in concrete include the improvement of workability and reduction of bleeding and segregation. The problem often encountered when using fly ash is the uncertainty of the fly ash quality. The quality is influenced by the coal origin, burning technique, mineral content, and capturing method. In this study, the consistency of fly ash from one power plant source was investigated for making a high-volume fly ash (HVFA) mortar. Variations in fly ash can be detected by applying rapid indicators as suggested in this paper; i.e., the pH of the fly ash in aqueous solution, the percentage of fly ash particles passing sieve #325 and the superplasticizer demand for the targeted slump flow. The fly ash replacement ratio was varied from 10�60% of cement, by mass. The results showed a large variation in the chemical content of the fly ash as shown by variation in pH, whereas only slight variation in the physical properties of the fly ash, i.e. particle size and shape. Superplasticizer demand for the same flow diameter was reduced with the increase of fly ash content, whereas the optimum fly ash replacement ratio for maximum strength varied among fly ash from different sampling periods. The compressive strength could reach that of control specimens at a replacement ratio of 20�30%, and mortar compressive strength of 42 MPa was still achievable at a replacement ratio of 50%

Pengaruh Penambahan Larutan Asam Terhadap Setting TIME Dan Kuat Tekan Geopolimer Berbahan Dasar Fly Ash Tipe C

Perkembangan fly ash sebagai bahan pengganti semen saat ini sudah banyak digunakan khususnya pada beton geopolimer. Fly ash tipe C dengan kandungan CaO yang tinggi bila digunakan sebagai material dasar geopolimer dapat menyebabkan terjadinya flash setting atau pengerasan beton yang sangat cepat namun juga dapat meningkatkan kekuatan tekan pada beton geopolimer. Hal ini dapat menimbulkan masalah apabila digunakan sebagai bahan dasar beton geopolimer dalam skala yang besar yang memerlukan setting time yang cukup lama. Kandungan CaO dapat diindikasikan dengan nilai pH fly ash sehingga penelitian ini menggunakan larutan asam untuk menurunkan nilai pH awal dari fly ash. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan bahwa penambahan larutan asam pada fly ash dapat menyebabkan pH awal fly ash berkurang namun initial setting time yang didapatkan justru bertambah cepat ± 40-60%. Initial setting time yang paling cepat dialami fly ash yang ditambahkan dengan larutan asam klorida (HCl). Selain itu, penggunaan larutan asam pada fly ash dapat menyebabkan kekuatan mortar geopolimer menurun. Dengan demikian, penggunaan larutan asam dapat menurunkan pH fly ash tetapi tidak dapat membuat setting time geopolimer berbahan dasar fly ash tipe C menjadi lebih lama

Impact of fly ash content and fly ash transportation distance on embodied greenhouse gas emissions and water consumption in concrete

Background, aim and scope Fly ash, a by-product of coal-fired power stations, is substituted for Portland cement to improve the properties of concrete and reduce the embodied greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Much of the world's fly ash is currently disposed of as a waste product. While replacing some Portland cement with fly ash can reduce production costs and the embodied emissions of concrete, the relationship between fly ash content and embodied GHG emissions in concrete has not been quantified. The impact of fly ash content on embodied water is also unknown. Furthermore, it is not known whether a global trade in fly ash for use in concrete is feasible from a carbon balance perspective, or if transport over long distances would eliminate any CO(2) savings. This paper aims to quantify GHG emissions and water embodied in concrete (f'(c)= 32 MPa) as a function of fly ash content and to determine the critical fly ash transportation distance, beyond which use of fly ash in concrete increases embodied GHG emissions