Performance analysis and optimization of the JOREK code for many-core CPUs

This report investigates the performance of the JOREK code on the Intel Knights Landing and Skylake processor architectures. The OpenMP scaling of the matrix construction part of the code was analyzed and improved synchronization methods were implemented. A new switch was implemented to control the number of threads used for the linear equation solver independently from other parts of the code. The matrix construction subroutine was vectorized, and the data locality was also improved. These steps led to a factor of two speedup for the matrix construction

Cross-border Access to E-Evidence: Framing the Evidence. CEPS in Liberty and Security in Europe No. 2020-02, February 2020

This paper aims at situating the policy discourse accompanying current European Union (EU) initiatives on facilitating access by public authorities to data held by private companies, including in scenarios regarded as crossing jurisdictional borders. More concretely, it contextualises these initiatives in light of the absence of publicly available statistical information on some of the issues which are at the very core of these matters. Firstly, the paper presents the three main current developments, that is, the proposed ‘E-evidence package’, the negotiation of an EU-United States (US) agreement facilitating access to e-evidence for the purpose of judicial cooperation in criminal matters, and the participation of the EU in the negotiations in the Council of Europe on a second additional protocol to the Cybercrime Convention, analysing some of the recurrent messages associated with defending the necessity of all these different measures. The Brief then reviews some of the information upon which are being constructed arguments used to purport the need for these developments, by granting particular attention to the Impact Assessment that accompanied the publication of the ‘E-evidence package’. Finally, it suggests that the absence of statistical data might have implications for the assessment of the proportionality of eventual legislative measures

OpenACC Based GPU Parallelization of Plane Sweep Algorithm for Geometric Intersection

Line segment intersection is one of the elementary operations in computational geometry. Complex problems in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) like finding map overlays or spatial joins using polygonal data require solving segment intersections. Plane sweep paradigm is used for finding geometric intersection in an efficient manner. However, it is difficult to parallelize due to its in-order processing of spatial events. We present a new fine-grained parallel algorithm for geometric intersection and its CPU and GPU implementation using OpenMP and OpenACC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work demonstrating an effective parallelization of plane sweep on GPUs. We chose compiler directive based approach for implementation because of its simplicity to parallelize sequential code. Using Nvidia Tesla P100 GPU, our implementation achieves around 40X speedup for line segment intersection problem on 40K and 80K data sets compared to sequential CGAL library

Reforming the public sector in the EU: the new public procurement regime

Commentary on the significance of the regulation of public procurement in the common market and impact on increased potential for doing business with the public sector. Article by Christopher Bovis (Professor of Law and Jean Monnet Chair in European Business Law, Lancashire Law School) published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London

The impact of European integration on the German system of pharmaceutical product authorization

The European Union has evolved since 1965 into an influential political player in the regulation of pharmaceutical safety standards. The objective of establishing a single European market for pharmaceuticals makes it necessary for member-states to adopt uniform safety standards and marketing authorization procedures. This article investigates the impact of the European integration process on the German marketing authorization system for pharmaceuticals. The analysis shows that the main focal points and objectives of European regulation of pharmaceutical safety have shifted since 1965. The initial phase saw the introduction of uniform European safety standards as a result of which Germany was obliged to undertake “catch-up” modernization. From the mid-1970s, these standards were extended and specified in greater detail. Since the mid-1990s, a process of reorientation has been under way. The formation of the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA) and the growing importance of the European authorization procedure, combined with intensified global competition on pharmaceutical markets, are exerting indirect pressure for EU member-states to adjust their medicines policies. Consequently, over the past few years Germany has been engaged in a competition-oriented reorganization of its pharmaceutical product authorization system the outcome of which will be to give higher priority to economic interests.Die Europäische Gemeinschaft ist in der Regulierung der Arzneimittelsicherheit seit 1965 zu einem einflussreichen politischen Akteur geworden. Das Ziel eines einheitlichen europäischen Marktes für Arzneimittel erfordert eine Vereinheitlichung der Sicherheitsstandards und Zulassungsverfahren in den Mitgliedstaaten. Im folgenden Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Auswirkungen der Prozess der Europäischen Integration auf das System der Arzneimittelzulassung in Deutschland hat. Es wird deutlich, dass sich die Schwerpunkte und Zielsetzungen der europäischen Regulierung der Arzneimittelsicherheit seit 1965 verschoben haben. Nach einer ersten Phase der Etablierung einheitlicher europäischer Sicherheitsstandards, die in Deutschland eine nachholende Modernisierung erforderlich machten, wurden diese Standards seit Mitte der 1970er Jahre ausgebaut und präzisiert. Seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre kommt es zu einer Neuausrichtung. Die Errichtung der europäischen Arzneimittelagentur EMEA und der Bedeutungsgewinn der europäischen Zulassungsverfahren erzeugen in Verbindung mit dem verschärften globalen Wettbewerb auf den Arzneimittelmärkten einen mittelbaren Anpassungsdruck auf die nationalen Arzneimittelpolitiken. In der Konsequenz wird in Deutschland seit einigen Jahren eine wettbewerbsorientierte Umgestaltung der Arzneimittelzulassung betrieben, die zu einer Aufwertung ökonomischer Interessen im Zulassungssystem führt

The Development of an Information Society and Electronic Commerce in the European Union in the Context of Selected Documents of the EU and International Organisations

In this article, the author presents selected documents on electronic commerce published by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, the World Trade Organization, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, the International Chamber of Commerce and the European Union since 1994.W niniejszym artykule autor prezentuje wybrane dokumenty dotyczące handlu elektronicznego opublikowane przez Komisję ONZ ds. Prawa Handlu Międzynarodowego, Światową Organizację Handlu OECD, Międzynarodową Izbę Handlu oraz Unię Europejską od roku 1994