23,121 research outputs found

    Robot Calibration: Modeling Measurement and Applications

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    Robust Intrinsic and Extrinsic Calibration of RGB-D Cameras

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    Color-depth cameras (RGB-D cameras) have become the primary sensors in most robotics systems, from service robotics to industrial robotics applications. Typical consumer-grade RGB-D cameras are provided with a coarse intrinsic and extrinsic calibration that generally does not meet the accuracy requirements needed by many robotics applications (e.g., highly accurate 3D environment reconstruction and mapping, high precision object recognition and localization, ...). In this paper, we propose a human-friendly, reliable and accurate calibration framework that enables to easily estimate both the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of a general color-depth sensor couple. Our approach is based on a novel two components error model. This model unifies the error sources of RGB-D pairs based on different technologies, such as structured-light 3D cameras and time-of-flight cameras. Our method provides some important advantages compared to other state-of-the-art systems: it is general (i.e., well suited for different types of sensors), based on an easy and stable calibration protocol, provides a greater calibration accuracy, and has been implemented within the ROS robotics framework. We report detailed experimental validations and performance comparisons to support our statements

    Optical techniques for 3D surface reconstruction in computer-assisted laparoscopic surgery

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    One of the main challenges for computer-assisted surgery (CAS) is to determine the intra-opera- tive morphology and motion of soft-tissues. This information is prerequisite to the registration of multi-modal patient-specific data for enhancing the surgeon’s navigation capabilites by observ- ing beyond exposed tissue surfaces and for providing intelligent control of robotic-assisted in- struments. In minimally invasive surgery (MIS), optical techniques are an increasingly attractive approach for in vivo 3D reconstruction of the soft-tissue surface geometry. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art methods for optical intra-operative 3D reconstruction in laparoscopic surgery and discusses the technical challenges and future perspectives towards clinical translation. With the recent paradigm shift of surgical practice towards MIS and new developments in 3D opti- cal imaging, this is a timely discussion about technologies that could facilitate complex CAS procedures in dynamic and deformable anatomical regions

    Machine vision systems : automated inspection & metrology

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    The purpose of the project was to develop a high speed, high accuracy measuring device to aid the engineering technology department at Western Carolina University. When something requires measurement with a high degree of accuracy a coordinate measuring machine is used. This process can be very time consuming especially when multiple iterations are required. A machine vision system is capable of making the same type of measurements in a matter of seconds rather than minutes. This study covers the development and testing of a machine vision system. Several tests were conducted to help develop and improve the system through changes to the test fixture, lighting, programming, and test object. The results of these tests are only valid for the specific set-up and equipment used, and cannot be transferred to any other system. Even slight changes to the equipment during testing showed significant changes in the data being gathered. This contributed to the final conclusion that the measurements gathered by the machine vision system are not comparable to those of the coordinate measuring machine at any level of accuracy. Improvements to the machine vision system setup must be made to improve accuracy

    Design and Implementation of a Stereo Vision System on an Innovative 6DOF Single-Edge Machining Device for Tool Tip Localization and Path Correction

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    [EN] In the current meso cutting technology industry, the demand for more advanced, accurate and cheaper devices capable of creating a wide range surfaces and geometries is rising. To fulfill this demand, an alternative single point cutting device with 6 degrees of freedom (6DOF) was developed. Its main advantage compared to milling has been the need for simpler cutting tools that require an easier development. To obtain accurate and precise geometries, the tool tip must be monitored to compensate its position and make the proper corrections on the computer numerical control (CNC). For this, a stereo vision system was carried out as a different approach to the modern available technologies in the industry. In this paper, the artificial intelligence technologies required for implementing such vision system are explored and discussed. The vision system was compared with commercial measurement software Dino Capture, and a dedicated metrological microscope system TESA V-200GL. Experimental analysis were carried out and results were measured in terms of accuracy. The proposed vision system yielded an error equal to ±3 µm in the measurement.SIMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (DPI2016-79960-C3-1-P)Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (DPI2016-79960-C3-2-P)National Council on Science and Technology (CONACyT) ( CVU-482229 (México))SENESCYT ( No 223-2012 (Ecuador)
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