8,937 research outputs found
Wi-Fi Offload: Tragedy of the Commons or Land of Milk and Honey?
Fueled by its recent success in provisioning on-site wireless Internet
access, Wi-Fi is currently perceived as the best positioned technology for
pervasive mobile macro network offloading. However, the broad transitions of
multiple collocated operators towards this new paradigm may result in fierce
competition for the common unlicensed spectrum at hand. In this light, our
paper game-theoretically dissects market convergence scenarios by assessing the
competition between providers in terms of network performance, capacity
constraints, cost reductions, and revenue prospects. We will closely compare
the prospects and strategic positioning of fixed line operators offering Wi-Fi
services with respect to competing mobile network operators utilizing
unlicensed spectrum. Our results highlight important dependencies upon
inter-operator collaboration models, and more importantly, upon the ratio
between backhaul and Wi-Fi access bit-rates. Furthermore, our investigation of
medium- to long-term convergence scenarios indicates that a rethinking of
control measures targeting the large-scale monetization of unlicensed spectrum
may be required, as otherwise the used free bands may become subject to
tragedy-of-commons type of problems.Comment: Workshop on Spectrum Sharing Strategies for Wireless Broadband
Services, IEEE PIMRC'13, to appear 201
Enforcement and Spectrum Sharing: Case Studies of Federal-Commercial Sharing
To promote economic growth and unleash the potential of wireless broadband, there is a need to introduce more spectrally efficient technologies and spectrum management regimes. That led to an environment where commercial wireless broadband need to share spectrum with the federal and non-federal operations. Implementing sharing regimes on a non-opportunistic basis means that sharing agreements must be implemented. To have meaning, those agreements must be enforceable.\ud
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With the significant exception of license-free wireless systems, commercial wireless services are based on exclusive use. With the policy change facilitating spectrum sharing, it becomes necessary to consider how sharing might take place in practice. Beyond the technical aspects of sharing, that must be resolved lie questions about how usage rights are appropriately determined and enforced. This paper is reasoning about enforcement in a particular spectrum bands (1695-1710 MHz and 3.5 GHz) that are currently being proposed for sharing between commercial services and incumbent spectrum users in the US. We examine three enforcement approaches, exclusion zones, protection zones and pure ex post and consider their implications in terms of cost elements, opportunity cost, and their adaptability
The Case for Liberal Spectrum Licenses: A Technical and Economic Perspective
The traditional system of radio spectrum allocation has inefficiently restricted wireless services. Alternatively, liberal licenses ceding de facto spectrum ownership rights yield incentives for operators to maximize airwave value. These authorizations have been widely used for mobile services in the U.S. and internationally, leading to the development of highly productive services and waves of innovation in technology, applications and business models. Serious challenges to the efficacy of such a spectrum regime have arisen, however. Seeing the widespread adoption of such devices as cordless phones and wi-fi radios using bands set aside for unlicensed use, some scholars and policy makers posit that spectrum sharing technologies have become cheap and easy to deploy, mitigating airwave scarcity and, therefore, the utility of exclusive rights. This paper evaluates such claims technically and economically. We demonstrate that spectrum scarcity is alive and well. Costly conflicts over airwave use not only continue, but have intensified with scientific advances that dramatically improve the functionality of wireless devices and so increase demand for spectrum access. Exclusive ownership rights help direct spectrum inputs to where they deliver the highest social gains, making exclusive property rules relatively more socially valuable. Liberal licenses efficiently accommodate rival business models (including those commonly associated with unlicensed spectrum allocations) while mitigating the constraints levied on spectrum use by regulators imposing restrictions in traditional licenses or via use rules and technology standards in unlicensed spectrum allocations.
Towards distributed architecture for collaborative cloud services in community networks
Internet and communication technologies have lowered the costs for communities to collaborate, leading to new services like user-generated content and social computing, and through collaboration, collectively built infrastructures like community networks have also emerged. Community networks get formed when individuals and local organisations from a geographic area team up to create and run a community-owned IP network to satisfy the communityâs demand for ICT, such as facilitating Internet access and providing services of local interest.
The consolidation of todayâs cloud technologies offers now the possibility of collectively built community clouds, building upon user-generated content and user-provided networks towards an ecosystem of cloud services. To address the limitation and enhance utility of community networks, we propose a collaborative distributed architecture for building a community cloud system that employs resources contributed by the members of the community network for provisioning infrastructure and software services. Such architecture needs to be tailored to the specific social, economic and technical characteristics of the community networks for community clouds to be successful and sustainable. By real deployments of clouds in community networks and evaluation of application performance, we show that community clouds are feasible. Our result may encourage collaborative innovative cloud-based services made possible with the resources of a community.Peer ReviewedPostprint (authorâs final draft
Survey of Spectrum Sharing for Inter-Technology Coexistence
Increasing capacity demands in emerging wireless technologies are expected to
be met by network densification and spectrum bands open to multiple
technologies. These will, in turn, increase the level of interference and also
result in more complex inter-technology interactions, which will need to be
managed through spectrum sharing mechanisms. Consequently, novel spectrum
sharing mechanisms should be designed to allow spectrum access for multiple
technologies, while efficiently utilizing the spectrum resources overall.
Importantly, it is not trivial to design such efficient mechanisms, not only
due to technical aspects, but also due to regulatory and business model
constraints. In this survey we address spectrum sharing mechanisms for wireless
inter-technology coexistence by means of a technology circle that incorporates
in a unified, system-level view the technical and non-technical aspects. We
thus systematically explore the spectrum sharing design space consisting of
parameters at different layers. Using this framework, we present a literature
review on inter-technology coexistence with a focus on wireless technologies
with equal spectrum access rights, i.e. (i) primary/primary, (ii)
secondary/secondary, and (iii) technologies operating in a spectrum commons.
Moreover, we reflect on our literature review to identify possible spectrum
sharing design solutions and performance evaluation approaches useful for
future coexistence cases. Finally, we discuss spectrum sharing design
challenges and suggest future research directions
An Overview of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks for the Existing Protocols and Applications
Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of two or more devices or nodes
or terminals with wireless communications and networking capability that
communicate with each other without the aid of any centralized administrator
also the wireless nodes that can dynamically form a network to exchange
information without using any existing fixed network infrastructure. And it's
an autonomous system in which mobile hosts connected by wireless links are free
to be dynamically and some time act as routers at the same time, and we discuss
in this paper the distinct characteristics of traditional wired networks,
including network configuration may change at any time, there is no direction
or limit the movement and so on, and thus needed a new optional path Agreement
(Routing Protocol) to identify nodes for these actions communicate with each
other path, An ideal choice way the agreement should not only be able to find
the right path, and the Ad Hoc Network must be able to adapt to changing
network of this type at any time. and we talk in details in this paper all the
information of Mobile Ad Hoc Network which include the History of ad hoc,
wireless ad hoc, wireless mobile approaches and types of mobile ad Hoc
networks, and then we present more than 13 types of the routing Ad Hoc Networks
protocols have been proposed. In this paper, the more representative of routing
protocols, analysis of individual characteristics and advantages and
disadvantages to collate and compare, and present the all applications or the
Possible Service of Ad Hoc Networks.Comment: 24 Pages, JGraph-Hoc Journa
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