Evaluation of the validity of the Bolton Index using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)

Aims: To evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of calculating the Bolton Index using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and to compare this with measurements obtained using the 2D Digital Method. Material and Methods: Traditional study models were obtained from 50 patients, which were then digitized in order to be able to measure them using the Digital Method. Likewise, CBCTs of those same patients were undertaken using the Dental Picasso Master 3D® and the images obtained were then analysed using the InVivoDental programme. Results: By determining the regression lines for both measurement methods, as well as the difference between both of their values, the two methods are shown to be comparable, despite the fact that the measurements analysed presented statistically significant differences. Conclusions: The three-dimensional models obtained from the CBCT are as accurate and reproducible as the digital models obtained from the plaster study casts for calculating the Bolton Index. The differences existing between both methods were clinically acceptabl

Dental measurements and Bolton index reliability and accuracy obtained from 2D digital, 3D segmented CBCT, and 3d intraoral laser scanner

To compare the reliability and accuracy of direct and indirect dental measurements derived from two types of 3D virtual models: generated by intraoral laser scanning (ILS) and segmented cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), comparing these with a 2D digital model. One hundred patients were selected. All patients? records included initial plaster models, an intraoral scan and a CBCT. Patients´ dental arches were scanned with the iTero® intraoral scanner while the CBCTs were segmented to create three-dimensional models. To obtain 2D digital models, plaster models were scanned using a conventional 2D scanner. When digital models had been obtained using these three methods, direct dental measurements were measured and indirect measurements were calculated. Differences between methods were assessed by means of paired t-tests and regression models. Intra and inter-observer error were analyzed using Dahlberg´s d and coefficients of variation. Intraobserver and interobserver error for the ILS model was less than 0.44 mm while for segmented CBCT models, the error was less than 0.97 mm. ILS models provided statistically and clinically acceptable accuracy for all dental measurements, while CBCT models showed a tendency to underestimate measurements in the lower arch, although within the limits of clinical acceptability. ILS and CBCT segmented models are both reliable and accurate for dental measurements. Integration of ILS with CBCT scans would get dental and skeletal information altogether

Three-dimensional comparison of 2 digital models obtained from cone-beam computed tomographic scans of polyvinyl siloxane impressions and plaster models

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the dimensional accuracy of digital dental models constructed from cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scans of polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impressions and cast scan models. Materials and Methods: A pair of PVS impressions was obtained from 20 subjects and scanned using CBCT (resolution, 0.1 mm). A cast scan model was constructed by scanning the gypsum model using a model scanner. After reconstruction of the digital models, the mesio-distal width of each tooth, inter-canine width, and inter-molar width were measured, and the Bolton ratios were calculated and compared. The 2 models were superimposed and the difference between the models was measured using 3-dimensional analysis. Results: The range of mean error between the cast scan model and the CBCT scan model was -0.15 mm to 0.13 mm in the mesio-distal width of the teeth and 0.03 mm to 0.42 mm in the width analysis. The differences in the Bolton ratios between the cast scan models and CBCT scan models were 0.87 (anterior ratio) and 0.72 (overall ratio), with no significant difference (P>0.05). The mean maxillary and mandibular difference when the cast scan model and the CBCT scan model were superimposed was 53 µm. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in most of the measurements. The maximum tooth size difference was 0.15 mm, and the average difference in model overlap was 53 µm. Digital models produced by scanning impressions at a high resolution using CBCT can be used in clinical practice.ope

Dental and oral health at respondents of 12 years from Stip and environment

The purpose of the labor is determinate the factors thatb lead to the prevalence of caries and oral hygiene index OHI, the buffering capacity of saliva (ph) and caries prevalence. Were included respondents aged 12 years, students from elementary schools in the city of Stip (311) and their peers in rural areas near Stip.(104) For all students are made following research Determination of the frequency of dental caries; Determination the average caries index (KIP); Determination the general caries frewuency (KIO); Registration of the index of oral hygiene; Determination of buffering capacity of saliva using DENTOBUF- test ( vivadent, Schaan, Lihtenstein ) Assesment of the buffering capacity of saliva we get this results- 0 = Ph > 6 normal ( good buffer capacity of saliva ) blue color, 1 PH = 4.5-5.5- Trim ( midly acidic buffer capacity of saliva ) green color2= pH < 4.0 low ( acidic buffer capacity of saliva ) yellow color. The results indicate that at the respondents from Stip Kepwas 6.32 and for the environment 7, 22. Statistical difference on values for OHI index between the two groups of respondents indicating high statistical significance (p< 0.01). Statistical differences on pH values of saliva between the two groups of respondents indicating high statistical significance (p<0.01). The conclusion is that the data resived from this study will help in getting a realistic picture of dental health and risk factors of a particular territory andit is possible toa really help in implementation of appropriate measures. Key words: buffering capacity, caries prevalence

Tooth Size Ratio in Orthodontic Patients with Varied Sagittal Skeletal Patterns; A CBCT Study

Objective: Maxillomandibular tooth size ratio (TSR) is an important aspect in achieving a satisfactory orthodontic outcome. The purpose of this study is to compare TSR among orthodontically treated patients with different skeletal anteroposterior (AP) patterns. Methods and Materials: The post-treatment (T2) cone beam computed tomograms (CBCTs) of patients treated orthodontically without extraction and finished with canine and molar class I occlusion were evaluated. The subjects were categorized into class I, class II and class III skeletal pattern by analyzing A point-Nasion-B point (ANB) at T2. Overbite (OB), overjet (OJ), TSR for canine to canine (TSR3-3) and molar to molar (TSR6-6), maxillary incisor to sella-nasion (U1-SN) angle, sella-nasion to mandibular plane (SN-MP) angle, lower incisor to mandibular plane (L1-MP) angle and interincisal angle (IIA) were measured and recorded. The data were compared using Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and correlated using Spearman rank-correlation coefficient at α = 0.05. Results: Of the 128 patients, 68 were skeletally class I, 29 were class II, and 31 were class III. The overall mean values for TSR3-3 and TSR6-6 were 77.0% and 92.4%, respectively. Significant differences (p \u3c .05) were observed in all parameters when compared among different skeletal patterns except for both TSR values (p \u3e .05). TSR3-3 and TSR6-6 were correlated with each other (ρ =0.485; p \u3c .001) but bore no statistically significant relationship with any other parameter. Conclusion: The TSR values for dental class I non-extraction orthodontic cases are similar regardless of skeletal pattern and comparable to Bolton’s published values

Prevalence and morphological variability of torus palatanus and torus mandibularis

Background: The oral tori are non-pathological and benign exostosis of the cortical and limited amount of bone marrow, covered with a thin and poorly vascularized mucosa. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of torus palatanus (TP) and torus mandibularis (TM) and to define morphological variability in relation to age and gender in the population of Shtip region, Macedonia FYR. Methods and materials: The study comprised of 467 patients, 242 females and 225 males, from 20 years old and onwards who were examined by clinical examination and analysis of the plaster casts. Results: Torus palatinus was found in 10.9% subjects and torus mandibularis in 9.6% of the subjects. The torus palatinus was well developed in 48.4 % of the individuals, nodular form and its more frequent location was in the middle palate. The most frequent type of torus mandibularis was bilateral solitary torus mandibularis (32.4%). The results of this study show significantly higher prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in the male subjects. Conclusion: The results of this study show significantly relationship between the occurrence of tori and gender and although not significant, there is a trend towards higher prevalence of TP and TM with increasing age

Grado de fiabilidad de la evaluación del análisis de Bolton en modelos virtuales tridimensionales versus modelos de yeso. Una revisión

Introduction: Bolton analysis is used to determine anomalies with respect to the dental mass, for diagnosis and treatment planning purposes, the possibility of using a digital method was introduced and tested to measure the size of the mesiodistal tooth. In this way, digital dental technology has made digital study models become popular in orthodontics. Objective: to evaluate the degree of reliability of the evaluation of the Bolton analysis in three-dimensional virtual models versus plaster models through a review of the literature. Materials and methods: A search was carried out in the primary databases of the international scientific literature on health sciences: Medline, through PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs, and Embase. Review articles published between the year 2000 and October 2021 were included. Results: The desktop scanner was the best option for digitizing dental models, but this does not detract from CBCT and intraoral laser scanners, which are still an option. Reasonable validity for digitizing 3D models with results within the "clinically acceptable" range was found. Conclusions: 3D digital models generated with intraoral and extraoral scanners are reliable and accurate compared to conventional impressions and save time, in most cases statistically significant differences were found, but of little clinical relevance.Introducción: El análisis de Bolton se emplea para determinar anomalías con respecto a la masa dentaria, con fines de diagnóstico y planificación del tratamiento, la posibilidad de utilizar un método digital, que fue introducido y probado para medir el tamaño del diente mesiodistal, es una alternativa atractiva; además, la creciente aceptación de la tecnología dental digital, generó que los modelos de estudio digitales se vuelvan populares en entorno a la ortodoncia. Objetivo: evaluar el grado de fiabilidad de la evaluación del análisis de Bolton en modelos virtuales tridimensionales versus modelos de yeso por medio de una revisión de la literatura. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en las principales bases de datos de la literatura científica internacional sobre ciencias de la salud: Medline, a través de PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs, Embase. Se incluyeron artículos de revisión publicados entre el año 2000 hasta octubre 2021. Resultados: El escáner de sobremesa fue la mejor opción para la digitalización de modelos dentales, pero esto no quita mérito alguno al CBCT y al escáner láser intraoral, que siguen siendo una opción asequible válida para la digitalización de modelos 3D con resultados que se encuentran dentro del rango “clínicamente aceptable”. Conclusiones: Los modelos digitales 3D generados con escáneres intraorales y escáneres extraorales son confiables y precisos en comparación con las impresiones convencionales y ahorran tiempo. En la mayoría de los casos, se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, pero de poca relevancia clínica

Hard Tissue Preservation after Tooth Extraction – a Case Report

Aim: Augmentation of edentulous alveolar ridge defects after tooth extraction can be classified as either hard or soft tissue. Hard tissue augmentation primary facilitate implant placement into bone – deficient ridges. Bones and teeth are the only structures within the body where calcium and phosphate participate as functional pillars. Despite their mineral nature, both organs are vital and dynamic. The aim was to remark the indications for alveolar augmentation after tooth extraction and prior placement of endo osseous dental implants. A case report: Patient 29 years old female visited our clinic. The diagnosis was chronic periodontitis of 36. The treatment plan included tooth extraction and alveolar ridge reconstruction in order to place the implant in a sufficient volume bone. After six months the control x-ray confirmed good bone regeneration and in that mean the implant placement with immediate loading was made. The local process of bone regeneration was stimulated and the chance of a good clinical output was increased. Results: advantages of alveolar ridge augmentation with sufficient bone volume to adjust for uncompromised and esthetic implant placement, renders these procedures more than effective for majority of patients. Conclusion: Surgical reconstruction of the tissues and the procedure of ridge augmentation and subsequent placement of dental implant are necessary