Кредитные риски российских коммерческих банков: новые подходы к управлению

In the realities of the modern domestic economy, the process of risk management of commercial banks associated to credit corporate customers, acquires new content. The assessment of what place in the company’s activity has a work that contributes to solving the most pressing problems of our time: environment, social and general corporate governance comes to the fore. As a result, the focus is on a group of lending risks known as ESG. Since the areas of work of clients — legal entities, with which these risks are associated, and described mainly by qualitative, non-formalized characteristics, a difficult task for modern bank risk-management becomes normalizing the process of their evaluation when making specific decisions on the loan. This explains the interest and relevance of this research, the object of which is the risk management subsystem for lending to corporate clients by commercial banks, the subject is the consideration of ESG factors in this process. The purpose of the paper is to develop the basics of decision-making tools in the management of bank credit risks, with this group of factors. The authors apply methods of both general scientific (induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis) and special: system and retrospective analysis of existing developments in the field of justification of decisions of bank risk management. The theoretical significance of the research results consists in a complex analysis of the role and place of ESG-risks in the overall risk landscape and the integration of environmental, social and managerial factors into credit risk assessment. Basic principles of construction of phenomenological model, used to support credit decisions by banks of corporate clients taking into account ESG-factors that influence their activity, have been developed.В реалиях современной отечественной экономики процесс управления рисками коммерческих банков, связанными с кредитованием корпоративных клиентов, обретает новое содержание. На первый план выходит оценка того, какое место в жизни компании занимает работа, способствующая решению наиболее актуальных проблем современности: экологических (environment), социальных (social) и общего корпоративного управления (governance). В результате в центре внимания оказывается группа рисков кредитования, известная как ESG. Поскольку направления работы клиентов — юридических лиц, с которыми связаны эти риски, описываются в основном качественными, неформализованными характеристиками, сложной задачей для современного банковского риск-менеджмента становится упорядочивание процесса их оценки при принятии конкретных решений о выдаче кредита. Этим обусловлена актуальность данного исследования, объектом которого является подсистема управления рисками кредитования корпоративных клиентов коммерческими банками, предметом — учет ESG-факторов в данном процессе. Цель исследования — разработка основ инструментария принятия решений в управлении банковскими кредитными рисками с учетом данной группы факторов. Авторы применяют методы как общенаучные (индукция, дедукция, анализ, синтез), так и специальные: системный и ретроспективный анализ существующих наработок в сфере обоснования решений банковского риск-менеджмента. Теоретическая значимость результатов исследования заключается в комплексном анализе роли и места ESG-рисков в общем ландшафте рисков и интеграции экологических, социальных и управленческих факторов в оценку кредитного риска. Разработаны базовые принципы построения феноменологической модели, используемой для обоснования решений о кредитовании банками корпоративных клиентов с учетом ESG-факторов, влияющих на их деятельность

Developing, Implementing and Evaluating Policies to Support Fisheries Co-management

The aim of this document is to bring together a number of the lessons relating to the development, implementation and evaluation of policies to support co-management that have emerged from projects undertaken through the DFID Fisheries Management Science Programme (FMSP) and elsewhere. It is beyond the scope of this document to provide a comprehensive analysis or guide. It seeks to highlight some experiences and some areas that need to be considered by policy makers when attempting to develop sustainably co-managed fisheries. This document is targeted to fisheries policy makers, and decision-makers concerned with the fisheries sector

Banks' risk assessment of Swedish SMEs

Building on the literatures on asymmetric information and risk taking, this paper applies conjoint experiments to investigate lending officers' probabilities of supporting credit to established or existing SMEs. Using a sample of 114 Swedish lending officers, we test hypotheses concerning how information on the borrower's ability to repay the loan; alignment of risk preferences; and risk sharing affect their willingness to grant credit. Results suggest that features that reduce the risk to the bank and shift the risk to the borrower have the largest impact. The paper highlights the interaction between factors that influence the credit decision. Implications for SMEs, banks and research are discussed

Financial Fitness Education for Potential Homebuyers: A Start-Up Guide for NeighborWorks Organizations

Financial fitness education is a critical piece of community development, given today's socioeconomic climate consisting of the deregulation of government institutions and the increasing complexity of financial services. These changes are occurring when personal savings are low and bankruptcy rates are high, with 1.35 million filings in 1997.[1] Twelve million households, one-half of which receive public assistance, do not have bank accounts.[2] Subsequently, in an ever more difficult financial system through which to navigate, there remains a significant number of novice consumers, who would benefit greatly from financial fitness education.The financial system is not only complex but also laden with institutional barriers and potential pitfalls. Over the years, access to legitimate financial institutions and credit in low-income neighborhoods has become increasingly limited, whereby local bank branches have been replaced by expensive fringe banking outlets, such as check-cashing stores, payday loan outlets and pawnshops.Moreover, some residents face cultural or language barriers that prevent them from fully accessing appropriate financial services. Other dangers include consumer scams and schemes, as well as predatory lending practices -- high-cost loans targeted to people who cannot afford to repay them. Financial fitness education can help families become more aware of common pitfalls and thus avoid them while helping them to learn the financial management and planning skills needed to make the most of their income, savings and assets. Such education is vital for low- and moderate-income families who are fulfilling basic needs currently but are precariously positioned to overestimate the reach of their income, with little or no savings as a cushion.Recent changes in the national economy and public policy have led to a rise in the number of organizations developing and delivering financial fitness education. Approximately 20 formal curricula are in circulation around the country, being used by Cooperative Extension and education organizations; government agencies; consumer, nonprofit and community organizations; as well as private financial institutions and credit agencies. These organizations often share the objective of helping people to choose and use financial services successfully.Developing an effective financial fitness education program that will help local constituents move beyond fulfilling basic needs to accumulating savings -- and even assets -- while avoiding all of the perils along the way requires careful planning. Since each community has a unique target population, goals and resources, there cannot be a "one size fits all" program. Rather, an organization needs to develop a program that matches its goals along with the needs of the target population. This start-up guide is designed to help NeighborWorks organizations analyze the local need and their internal capacity for developing a financial fitness education program to increase consumers' money management skills, and in turn, to enable previously underserved markets to attain homeownership

Acting out our dam future: science-based role-play simulations as mechanisms for learning and natural resource planning

Science often does not make its way into decisions, leading to a problematic gap between scientific and societal progress. To tackle this issue, our research tests a novel science-based negotiation simulation that integrates a role-play simulation (RPS) with a system dynamics model (SDM). In RPSs, stakeholders engage in a mock decision-making process (reflecting real-life institutional arrangements and scientific knowledge) for a set period. System dynamics models (SDMs) are visual tools used to simulate the interactions and feedback within a complex system. We test the integration of the two approaches with stakeholders in New England via a series of two consecutive workshops across two states. The workshops engage stakeholders from diverse groups to foster dialogue, learning, and creativity. Participants discuss a hypothetical (yet realistic) decision scenario to consider scientific information and explore dam management options that meet one another\u27s interests. In the first workshop, participants contributed to the design of the fictionalized dam decision scenario and the SDM. In the second workshop, participants assumed another representative\u27s role and discussed dam management options for the fictionalized scenario. This presentation will briefly report on the practical design of this science-based role-play, and particularly emphasize preliminary results of workshop outcomes, which were evaluated using debriefing sessions, surveys, concept mapping exercises, and interviews. Results will determine the extent to which this new knowledge production process leads to learning, use of science, and more collaborative decision-making about dams in New England and beyond

Political Economy of International Climate Finance: Navigating Decisions in PPCR and SREP

This working paper explores how countries can build their own 'climate finance readiness' by understanding their internal political economy and use that understanding to steer consensus-based decisions on climate finance investments. For climate finance to be effective, national leaders must build shared commitments. This involves considering the arguments, incentives and power dynamics at play to ensure priorities are more equitable and representative of a broader group of stakeholders. Doing so will also help to reduce the risk of implementation delays. This paper uses case studies from Bangladesh, Ethiopia and Nepal to explore how narratives and incentives within the political economy drive climate investment outcomes under the Pilot Programme for Climate Resilience (PPCR) and the Scaling up Renewable Energy Programme (SREP). It draws from broader analysis of the discourses around these investments, including 80 interviews with government; multilateral development banks (MDBs) and other stakeholders