Peer Review system: A Golden standard for publications process

Peer review process helps in evaluating and validating of research that is published in the journals. U.S. Office of Research Integrity reported that data fraudulence was found to be involved in 94% cases of misconduct from 228 identified articles between 1994–2012. If fraud in published article are significantly as high as reported, the question arise in mind, were these articles peer reviewed? Another report said that the reviewers failed to detect 16 cases of fabricated article of Jan Hendrick Schon. Superficial peer reviewing process does not reveals suspicion of misconduct. Lack of knowledge of systemic review process not only demolish the academic integrity in publication but also loss the trust of the people of the institution, the nation, and the world. The aim of this review article is to aware stakeholders specially novice reviewers about the peer review system. Beginners will understand how to review an article and they can justify better action choices in dealing with reviewing an article

Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring for Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches to the Skull Base: A Technical Guide.

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during endoscopic, endonasal approaches to the skull base is both feasible and safe. Numerous reports have recently emerged from the literature evaluating the efficacy of different neuromonitoring tests during endonasal procedures, making them relatively well-studied. The authors report on a comprehensive, multimodality approach to monitoring the functional integrity of at risk nervous system structures, including the cerebral cortex, brainstem, cranial nerves, corticospinal tract, corticobulbar tract, and the thalamocortical somatosensory system during endonasal surgery of the skull base. The modalities employed include electroencephalography, somatosensory evoked potentials, free-running and electrically triggered electromyography, transcranial electric motor evoked potentials, and auditory evoked potentials. Methodological considerations as well as benefits and limitations are discussed. The authors argue that, while individual modalities have their limitations, multimodality neuromonitoring provides a real-time, comprehensive assessment of nervous system function and allows for safer, more aggressive management of skull base tumors via the endonasal route

Pelaksanaan Kontrol dan Audit Sistem Informasi pada Organisasi

Information system auditing is a function that has been developed to assess whether computer systems safeguard assets, maintain data integrity, and allow the goals of an organization to be achived effectively and efficiently. As a result, the need to maintain the integrity data processed by computers now seems to pervade our lives. We have concerns about the privacy of data we exchange with organizations such as tax department and credit granting institutions. Information systems auditing is the process of collecting and evaluating evidence to determine whether a computer system safeguards assets, maintains data integrity, allows organizational goals to be achieved effectively, and uses resources efficiently. This paper will explain about how to conduct information system audit in organization and some risk that might happen during an information system audit

Chainspace: A Sharded Smart Contracts Platform

Chainspace is a decentralized infrastructure, known as a distributed ledger, that supports user defined smart contracts and executes user-supplied transactions on their objects. The correct execution of smart contract transactions is verifiable by all. The system is scalable, by sharding state and the execution of transactions, and using S-BAC, a distributed commit protocol, to guarantee consistency. Chainspace is secure against subsets of nodes trying to compromise its integrity or availability properties through Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT), and extremely high-auditability, non-repudiation and `blockchain' techniques. Even when BFT fails, auditing mechanisms are in place to trace malicious participants. We present the design, rationale, and details of Chainspace; we argue through evaluating an implementation of the system about its scaling and other features; we illustrate a number of privacy-friendly smart contracts for smart metering, polling and banking and measure their performance

Integration of Nondestructive Examination Reliability and Fracture Mechanics

In evaluating the integrity of a system using fracture mechanics analysis, it is necessary to know the maximum size of flaws which are likely to be present. The effectiveness in reliability of nondestructive examination techniques are used to establish the probability of detection curves for different types of flaws and for different flaw characteristics, i.e., size, shape, orientation, tightness, roughness and location. This information on flaws must be known in order to ensure the systems integrity. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission has instituted a research program to establish the effectiveness and reliability of ultrasonic in-service inspections performed on light water reactor primary typing systems. This paper describes the results obtained to date and proposed methods of evaluating inspection reliability. A method has been developed for evaluating inspection reliability based on the measured variability of the inspection process. Estimates of the current level of inspection reliability have been made. Efforts are currently in progress to verify the results of these predictions and the effectiveness of the predictive model

Integrity and Ethics in Western Adjudicatory Systems : Toward a Standard

As a global community comes closer to a reality in which there is an international rule of law, a borderless standard of ethics and integrity in adjudication must be developed. Since the beginning of structured adjudication of disputes, ethics and integrity have been an integral part of the process. Even in biblical law, ethics and integrity are emphasized. Now, that many legal disputes, especially in the commercial arena including business and trade disputes, are being adjudicated between and among many different states and individuals from many different states, with many different formal and informal adjudicatory systems, the need for ethics and integrity in those systems is essential for the world community to have confidence in the adjudicatory outcome. Those engaged in multi-national business and trade want to be sure that disputes will be fairly and impartially judged. This document will discuss the essential elements in designing and evaluating an adjudication system that will promote ethical conduct and integrity in both the system and in the individuals that adjudicate, administer and use the system. If we go forward without an agreement on what is necessary to assure ethical conduct, world citizens can not be assured that their rights will be protected. Corruption and decay clearly undermine the confidence of the world community when a system of adjudication cannot assure its participants that judgments reached are free of such negative elements. Ethics and integrity are fundamental to the concept of fair judgment. Ultimately, faith and trust in adjudication promotes world peace and free commerce

Integrity and Ethics in Western Adjudicatory Systems : Toward a Standard

As a global community comes closer to a reality in which there is an international rule of law, a borderless standard of ethics and integrity in adjudication must be developed. Since the beginning of structured adjudication of disputes, ethics and integrity have been an integral part of the process. Even in biblical law, ethics and integrity are emphasized. Now, that many legal disputes, especially in the commercial arena including business and trade disputes, are being adjudicated between and among many different states and individuals from many different states, with many different formal and informal adjudicatory systems, the need for ethics and integrity in those systems is essential for the world community to have confidence in the adjudicatory outcome. Those engaged in multi-national business and trade want to be sure that disputes will be fairly and impartially judged. This document will discuss the essential elements in designing and evaluating an adjudication system that will promote ethical conduct and integrity in both the system and in the individuals that adjudicate, administer and use the system. If we go forward without an agreement on what is necessary to assure ethical conduct, world citizens can not be assured that their rights will be protected. Corruption and decay clearly undermine the confidence of the world community when a system of adjudication cannot assure its participants that judgments reached are free of such negative elements. Ethics and integrity are fundamental to the concept of fair judgment. Ultimately, faith and trust in adjudication promotes world peace and free commerce

A SAT-based System for Consistent Query Answering

An inconsistent database is a database that violates one or more integrity constraints, such as functional dependencies. Consistent Query Answering is a rigorous and principled approach to the semantics of queries posed against inconsistent databases. The consistent answers to a query on an inconsistent database is the intersection of the answers to the query on every repair, i.e., on every consistent database that differs from the given inconsistent one in a minimal way. Computing the consistent answers of a fixed conjunctive query on a given inconsistent database can be a coNP-hard problem, even though every fixed conjunctive query is efficiently computable on a given consistent database. We designed, implemented, and evaluated CAvSAT, a SAT-based system for consistent query answering. CAvSAT leverages a set of natural reductions from the complement of consistent query answering to SAT and to Weighted MaxSAT. The system is capable of handling unions of conjunctive queries and arbitrary denial constraints, which include functional dependencies as a special case. We report results from experiments evaluating CAvSAT on both synthetic and real-world databases. These results provide evidence that a SAT-based approach can give rise to a comprehensive and scalable system for consistent query answering.Comment: 25 pages including appendix, to appear in the 22nd International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testin