116 research outputs found
The Four-C Framework for High Capacity Ultra-Low Latency in 5G Networks: A Review
Network latency will be a critical performance metric for the Fifth Generation (5G) networks
expected to be fully rolled out in 2020 through the IMT-2020 project. The multi-user multiple-input
multiple-output (MU-MIMO) technology is a key enabler for the 5G massive connectivity criterion,
especially from the massive densification perspective. Naturally, it appears that 5G MU-MIMO will
face a daunting task to achieve an end-to-end 1 ms ultra-low latency budget if traditional network
set-ups criteria are strictly adhered to. Moreover, 5G latency will have added dimensions of scalability
and flexibility compared to prior existing deployed technologies. The scalability dimension caters
for meeting rapid demand as new applications evolve. While flexibility complements the scalability
dimension by investigating novel non-stacked protocol architecture. The goal of this review paper
is to deploy ultra-low latency reduction framework for 5G communications considering flexibility
and scalability. The Four (4) C framework consisting of cost, complexity, cross-layer and computing
is hereby analyzed and discussed. The Four (4) C framework discusses several emerging new
technologies of software defined network (SDN), network function virtualization (NFV) and fog
networking. This review paper will contribute significantly towards the future implementation of
flexible and high capacity ultra-low latency 5G communications
Internet of Things From Hype to Reality
The Internet of Things (IoT) has gained significant mindshare, let alone attention, in academia and the industry especially over the past few years. The reasons behind this interest are the potential capabilities that IoT promises to offer. On the personal level, it paints a picture of a future world where all the things in our ambient environment are connected to the Internet and seamlessly communicate with each other to operate intelligently. The ultimate goal is to enable objects around us to efficiently sense our surroundings, inexpensively communicate, and ultimately create a better environment for us: one where everyday objects act based on what we need and like without explicit instructions
Demystifying Internet of Things Security
Break down the misconceptions of the Internet of Things by examining the different security building blocks available in Intel Architecture (IA) based IoT platforms. This open access book reviews the threat pyramid, secure boot, chain of trust, and the SW stack leading up to defense-in-depth. The IoT presents unique challenges in implementing security and Intel has both CPU and Isolated Security Engine capabilities to simplify it. This book explores the challenges to secure these devices to make them immune to different threats originating from within and outside the network. The requirements and robustness rules to protect the assets vary greatly and there is no single blanket solution approach to implement security. Demystifying Internet of Things Security provides clarity to industry professionals and provides and overview of different security solutions What You'll Learn Secure devices, immunizing them against different threats originating from inside and outside the network Gather an overview of the different security building blocks available in Intel Architecture (IA) based IoT platforms Understand the threat pyramid, secure boot, chain of trust, and the software stack leading up to defense-in-depth Who This Book Is For Strategists, developers, architects, and managers in the embedded and Internet of Things (IoT) space trying to understand and implement the security in the IoT devices/platforms
Software Defined Networks based Smart Grid Communication: A Comprehensive Survey
The current power grid is no longer a feasible solution due to
ever-increasing user demand of electricity, old infrastructure, and reliability
issues and thus require transformation to a better grid a.k.a., smart grid
(SG). The key features that distinguish SG from the conventional electrical
power grid are its capability to perform two-way communication, demand side
management, and real time pricing. Despite all these advantages that SG will
bring, there are certain issues which are specific to SG communication system.
For instance, network management of current SG systems is complex, time
consuming, and done manually. Moreover, SG communication (SGC) system is built
on different vendor specific devices and protocols. Therefore, the current SG
systems are not protocol independent, thus leading to interoperability issue.
Software defined network (SDN) has been proposed to monitor and manage the
communication networks globally. This article serves as a comprehensive survey
on SDN-based SGC. In this article, we first discuss taxonomy of advantages of
SDNbased SGC.We then discuss SDN-based SGC architectures, along with case
studies. Our article provides an in-depth discussion on routing schemes for
SDN-based SGC. We also provide detailed survey of security and privacy schemes
applied to SDN-based SGC. We furthermore present challenges, open issues, and
future research directions related to SDN-based SGC.Comment: Accepte
Automotive Cognitive Access: Towards customized vehicular communication system
The evolution of Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Virtualization of mobile Network Functions (NFV) have enabled the new ways of managing mobile access systems and are seen as a major technological foundation of the Fifth Generation (5G) of mobile networks. With the appearance of 5G specifications, the mobile system architecture has the transition from a network of entities to a network of functions. This paradigm shift led to new possibilities and challenges. Existing mobile communication systems rely on closed and inflexible hardware-based architectures both at the access and core network. It implies significant challenges in implementing new techniques to maximize the network capacity, scalability and increasing performance for diverse data services.
This work focuses preliminary on the architectural evolutions needed to solve challenges perceived for the next generation of mobile networks. I consider Software defined plus Virtualization featured Mobile Network (S+ MN) architecture as a baseline reference model, aiming at the further improvements to support the access requirements for diverse user groups. I consider an important class of things, vehicles, which needs efficient mobile internet access at both the system and application levels. I identify and describe key requirements of emerging vehicular communications and assess existing standards to determine their limitations. To provide optimized wireless communications for the specific user group, the 5G systems come up with network slicing as a potential solution to create customized networks. Network slicing has the capability to facilitates dynamic and efficient allocation of network resources and support diverse service scenarios and services. A network slice can be broadly defined as an end-to-end logically isolated network that includes end devices as well as access and core network functions. To this effect, I describe the enhanced behaviour of S+ MN architecture for the collection of network resources and details the potential functional grouping provided by S+ MN architecture that paves the way to support automotive slicing. The proposed enhancements support seamless connection mobility addressing the automotive access use case highly mobile environment. I follow the distribution of gateway functions to solve the problem of unnecessary long routes and delays. Exploiting the open SDN capabilities, the proposed S+ NC is able to parallelize the execution of certain control plane messages thus enabling the signalling optimisation. Furthermore, it enables the (Re)selection of efficient data plane paths with implied upper-layer service continuity mechanisms that remove the chains of IP address preservation for session continuity during IP anchor relocation.
An implementation setup validates the proposed evolutions, including its core functionalities implemented using the ns-3 network simulator. The proposed slicing scheme has been evaluated through a number of scenarios such as numbers of signalling messages processed by control entities for an intersystem handover procedure relative to current mobile network architecture. I also perform the performance improvement analysis based on simulation results. Furthermore, I experimentally prove the feasibility of using Multipath TCP for connection mobility in intersystem handover scenario. The experiments run over the Linux Kernel implementation of Multipath TCP developed over the last years. I extend the Multipath TCP path management to delegates the management of the data paths according to the application needs. The implementation results have shown that the proposed S+ MN slicing architecture and enhancements achieve benefits in multiple areas, for example improving the mobility control and management, maintaining QoS, smooth handover, session continuity and efficient slice management and orchestration
Redes em malha sem fios baseadas em contexto
Doutoramento em Engenharia ElectrotécnicaIn the modern society, new devices, applications and technologies, with sophisticated
capabilities, are converging in the same network infrastructure.
Users are also increasingly demanding in personal preferences and expectations,
desiring Internet connectivity anytime and everywhere. These aspects
have triggered many research efforts, since the current Internet is reaching
a breaking point trying to provide enough flexibility for users and profits for
operators, while dealing with the complex requirements raised by the recent
evolution.
Fully aligned with the future Internet research, many solutions have been
proposed to enhance the current Internet-based architectures and protocols,
in order to become context-aware, that is, to be dynamically adapted to
the change of the information characterizing any network entity. In this
sense, the presented Thesis proposes a new architecture that allows to create
several networks with different characteristics according to their context, on
the top of a single Wireless Mesh Network (WMN), which infrastructure
and protocols are very flexible and self-adaptable.
More specifically, this Thesis models the context of users, which can span
from their security, cost and mobility preferences, devices’ capabilities or
services’ quality requirements, in order to turn a WMN into a set of logical
networks. Each logical network is configured to meet a set of user context
needs (for instance, support of high mobility and low security). To
implement this user-centric architecture, this Thesis uses the network virtualization,
which has often been advocated as a mean to deploy independent
network architectures and services towards the future Internet, while allowing
a dynamic resource management. This way, network virtualization can
allow a flexible and programmable configuration of a WMN, in order to be
shared by multiple logical networks (or virtual networks - VNs). Moreover,
the high level of isolation introduced by network virtualization can be used
to differentiate the protocols and mechanisms of each context-aware VN.
This architecture raises several challenges to control and manage the VNs
on-demand, in response to user and WMN dynamics. In this context, we
target the mechanisms to: (i) discover and select the VN to assign to an
user; (ii) create, adapt and remove the VN topologies and routes. We
also explore how the rate of variation of the user context requirements can
be considered to improve the performance and reduce the complexity of
the VN control and management. Finally, due to the scalability limitations
of centralized control solutions, we propose a mechanism to distribute the
control functionalities along the architectural entities, which can cooperate
to control and manage the VNs in a distributed way.Na sociedade actual, novos dispositivos, aplicações e tecnologias, com capacidades
sofisticadas, estão a convergir na mesma infra-estrutura de rede.
Os utilizadores são também cada vez mais exigentes nas suas preferências e
expectativas pessoais, desejando conetividade `a Internet em qualquer hora
e lugar. Estes aspectos têm desencadeado muitos esforços de investigação,
dado que a Internet atual está a atingir um ponto de rutura ao tentar promover
flexibilidade para os utilizadores e lucros para os operadores, enquanto
lida com as exigências complexas associadas `a recente evolução.
Em sintonia com a linha de investigação para a Internet do futuro, muitas
soluções têm sido propostas para melhorar as arquiteturas e protocolos da
Internet atual, de forma a torná-los sensíveis ao contexto, isto é, adaptá-los
dinamicamente `a alteração da informação que caracteriza qualquer entidade
de rede. Neste sentido, a presente Tese propõe uma nova arquitetura que
permite criar várias redes com diferentes características de acordo com o
contexto das mesmas, sobre uma única rede em malha sem fios (WMN),
cuja infra-estructura e protocolos são muito flexíveis e auto-adaptáveis.
Mais especificamente, esta Tese modela o contexto dos utilizadores, que
pode abranger as suas preferências de segurança, custo e mobilidade, capacidades
dos seus dispositivos ou requisitos de qualidade dos seus serviços,
de forma a transformar uma WMN num conjunto de redes lógicas. Cada
rede lógica ´e configurada para satisfazer um conjunto de necessidades de
contexto do utilizador (como exemplo, suporte de mobilidade elevada e
de baixa seguran¸ca). Para implementar esta arquitetura centrada no utilizador,
esta Tese utiliza a virtualização de redes, que tem muitas vezes
sido defendida como um meio para implementar arquiteturas e serviços de
rede de uma forma independente, enquanto permite uma gestão dinâmica
dos recursos. Desta forma, a virtualização de redes pode permitir uma
configuração flexível e programável de uma WMN, a fim de ser partilhada
por várias redes lógicas (ou redes virtuais - VNs). Além disso, o grau de
isolamento introduzido pela virtualização de redes pode ser utilizado para
diferenciar os protocolos e mecanismos de cada VN baseada em contexto.
Esta arquitetura levanta vários desafios para controlar e gerir as VNs em
tempo real, e em resposta `a dinâmica dos utilizadores e da WMN. Neste
contexto, abordamos os mecanismos para: (i) descobrir e selecionar a VN
a atribuir a um utilizador; (ii) criar, adaptar e remover as topologias e
rotas das VNs. Também exploramos a possibilidade de considerar a taxa
de variação dos requisitos de contexto dos utilizadores de forma a melhorar
o desempenho e reduzir a complexidade do controlo e gestão das VNs.
Finalmente, devido ´as limitações de escalabilidade das soluções de controlo
centralizadas, propomos um mecanismo para distribuir as funcionalidades
de controlo ao longo das entidades da arquitectura, que podem cooperar
para controlar e gerir as VNs de uma forma distribuída
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