Redox-active metal-organic frameworks for the removal of contaminants of emerging concern

The pollution due to the presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) is a major cause for concern because of the serious threat it supposes to human health and ecosystem functions. Many efforts have been geared toward their removal to guarantee safer freshwater. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline hybrid materials with high surface area and flexible rational design, which allows the incorporation of different active sites into a particular framework, thereby emerging as a potentially excellent candidate for water and wastewater treatment. Benefiting from the unique redox-active properties of MOFs, this review surveys literature update on their application for the removal of CECs. The underlaying electron transfer mechanism and strategies for incorporating redox-active sites into MOFs are comprehensively discussed. Different components of MOFs that are redox-active are further highlighted. This study elaborates the application of MOFs for Fenton-type and other advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for removing emerging contaminants. AOPs generate highly reactive strong oxidants like hydroxyl and sulfate radicals that are efficient for degrading emerging pollutants with high mineralization rates. MOFs display semiconductor-like properties. Their photocatalytic use for the removal of dissolved emerging pollutants is detailed in the discussion. This review also provides an overview of the most promising directions for future research

Desulfuración de combustibles a través de redes metal-orgánicas bimetálicas

Tesis para la obtención de grado, resultado del trabajo de investigación de la alumnaPetroleum-derived fuels are an essential source of energy in our daily lives. However, upon combustion, the sulfur compounds present in oil produce sulfur oxides that are harmful to human health and the environment. Therefore, the desulfurization of fuels is crucial to reduce environmental damage. Metal-organic 3 frameworks are a class of highly porous materials that have recently been used as catalysts and adsorbents in the removal of sulfur compounds. It is important to mention that the incorporation of a second metal in metal-organic networks can create bimetallic materials with unique desirable properties in the desulfurization of fuels. In this document, we seek to provide an overview of metal-organic networks and materials based on bimetallic metal-organic networks in hydrodesulfurization, oxidative desulfurization, pervaporative desulfurization, and adsorptive desulfurization processes. In addition, this work aims to compare the attraction between a series of metals in a node of MOF and dibenzothiophene using density functional theory. All of this is with the purpose of establishing the theoretical bases for the design and development of organic materials used in fuel desulfurization.CONACYT, UAEME

Multifunctional metal-organic frameworks : from academia to industrial applications

After three decades of intense and fundamental research on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), is there anything left to say or to explain? The synthesis and properties of MOFs have already been comprehensively described elsewhere. It is time, however, to prove the nature of their true usability: technological applications based on these extended materials require development and implementation as a natural consequence of the up-to-known intensive research focused on their design and preparation. The current large number of reviews on MOFs emphasizes practical strategies to develop novel networks with varied crystal size, shape and topology, being mainly devoted to academic concerns. The present survey intends to push the boundaries and summarise the state-of-the-art on the preparation of promising (multi) functional MOFs in worldwide laboratories and their use as materials for industrial implementation. This review starts, on the one hand, to describe several tools and striking examples of remarkable and recent (multi) functional MOFs exhibiting outstanding properties (e.g., in gas adsorption and separation, selective sorption of harmful compounds, heterogeneous catalysis, luminescent and corrosion protectants). On the other hand, and in a second part, it intends to use these examples of MOFs to incite scientists to move towards the transference of knowledge from the laboratories to the industry. Within this context, we exhaustively review the many efforts of several worldwide commercial companies to bring functional MOFs towards the daily use, analysing the various patents and applications reported to date. Overall, this review goes from the very basic concepts of functional MOF engineering and preparation ending up in their industrial production on a large scale and direct applications in society

Metal-Organic Frameworks in Germany: from Synthesis to Function

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are constructed from a combination of inorganic and organic units to produce materials which display high porosity, among other unique and exciting properties. MOFs have shown promise in many wide-ranging applications, such as catalysis and gas separations. In this review, we highlight MOF research conducted by Germany-based research groups. Specifically, we feature approaches for the synthesis of new MOFs, high-throughput MOF production, advanced characterization methods and examples of advanced functions and properties

Metal-organic framework-based biosensing platforms for the sensitive determination of trace elements and heavy metals: A comprehensive review

Heavy metals in food and water sources are potentially harmful to humans. Determination of these pollutants is critical for improving safety. Effective recognition systems are a contemporary challenge; several novel technologies for the quick, easy, selective, and sensitive determination of these compounds are in demand. Metal-organic framework (MOF)-based sensors and biosensors have crucial applications in identifying these potentially harmful substances. Here, we review electrochemical and optical biosensors for in situ sensing that are sensitive and cost effective, with a simple protocol and wide linear range. Despite the abundance of articles in this field, we assessed and checked out various basic features of MOFs as porous compounds that include clusters or ions, and some of the ligands connected to these clusters have a variety of useful properties. Afterward, we also assessed various electrochemical and optical sensing assays, which have recently gathered interest because of their potential applications for recognizing certain compounds in the environment. Their operation and approaches are dependent on their structures, the materials and component types used, and the substances they are targeting

Insight perspective on the synthesis and morphological role of the noble and non-noble metal-based electrocatalyst in fuel cell application

In the modern era, we all depend on energy for everything. However, we have limited traditional energy sources like coal, petroleum etc. Various alternative energy sources have been developed to fulfill the energy requirements from time to time. Despite this, we are in continuous need of energy sources that are of low cost and cause less environmental pollution. To overwhelm prospective energy concerns, when the world is exploring ways for net carbon zero or negative carbon emissive energy techniques FCs are predicted as one of the clean energy origins with low operating temperatures and high energy modifications. Nevertheless, a superior and steady catalyst for the electrodes is essential for the electrochemical reactions in FCs to work efficiently. Noble and non-noble metal electrocatalysts are extensively utilized as catalysts for the transformation of energy within fuel cells (FCs). For many years many pieces of research have been done to enhance the performance of FC technology. The literature review shows the role of various metal/ polymer-based nanomaterials as anode catalysts to robust fuel cell performance by the electro-oxidation of alcohols. Here, we have demonstrated the different morphology of the stimulus (such as nanowires and nanospheres, nanotubes, nanodendrites, nanofibers and nanosheets) and fabrication methods (such as electrodeposition, electrospinning, wet chemical, chemical vapor deposition, solvothermal, reduction, microwave-assisted polyol synthesis method) in detail. Further, the role of different noble and non-noble metal catalysts in FC application in FC technology and the relationship between morphology, synthesis and composition of catalysts have been discussed. Finally, the advantages of the fuel cell, current challenges, and prospects in this field, with concluding remarks, have been presented at the end

A review on monitoring of organic pollutants in wastewater using electrochemical approach

This review focuses on monitoring selected organic contaminants utilising an electrochemistry technique due to intrinsic benefits such as simplicity, portability, cost, and improved sensitivity. Because the presence of organic pollutants in water causes a variety of health issues such as tumour, headaches, tiredness, and developmental abnormalities, it is critical to explore an effective approach to quantifying these contaminants in various matrices. Although remarkable results have been documented in the use of conventional techniques in the quantification of organic pollutants, owing to high costs, longer pre-concentration steps and analysis times, high power consumption, and the need for sophisticated skilled personnel, their applications for monitoring organic pollutants on-site have been hampered. The electrochemistry approach has emerged to address the difficulties that have hindered the use of traditional approaches for quantifying organic contaminants in water. Thus, the purpose of this review is to examine the concept of employing electrochemistry techniques to determine organic contaminants in various matrixes, and various recommendations for future research have been highlighted

Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks as (Photo)Active Material in Hybrid Photovoltaic Technologies

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are two innovative classes of porous coordination polymers. MOFs are three-dimensional materials made up of secondary building blocks comprised of metal ions/clusters and organic ligands whereas COFs are 2D or 3D highly porous organic solids made up by light elements (i.e., H, B, C, N, O). Both MOFs and COFs, being highly conjugated scaffolds, are very promising as photoactive materials for applications in photocatalysis and artificial photosynthesis because of their tunable electronic properties, high surface area, remarkable light and thermal stability, easy and relative low-cost synthesis, and structural versatility. These properties make them perfectly suitable for photovoltaic application: throughout this review, we summarize recent advances in the employment of both MOFs and COFs in emerging photovoltaics, namely dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) organic photovoltaic (OPV) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs). MOFs are successfully implemented in DSSCs as photoanodic material or solid-state sensitizers and in PSCs mainly as hole or electron transporting materials. An innovative paradigm, in which the porous conductive polymer acts as standing-alone sensitized photoanode, is exploited too. Conversely, COFs are mostly implemented as photoactive material or as hole transporting material in PSCs