Curriculum d'apprentissage : reconnaissance d'entités nommées pour l'extraction de concepts sémantiques

International audienceDans cet article, nous présentons une approche de bout en bout d'extraction de concepts sémantiques de la parole. En particulier, nous mettons en avant l'apport d'une chaîne d'apprentissage successif pilotée par une stratégie de curriculum d'apprentissage. Dans la chaîne d'apprentissage mise en place, nous exploitons des données françaises annotées en entités nommées que nous supposons être des concepts plus génériques que les concepts sémantiques liés à une application informatique spécifique. Dans cette étude, il s'agit d'extraire des concepts sémantiques dans le cadre de la tâche MEDIA. Pour renforcer le système proposé, nous exploitons aussi des stratégies d'augmentation de données, un modèle de langage 5-gramme, ainsi qu'un mode étoile aidant le système à se concentrer sur les concepts et leurs valeurs lors de l'apprentissage. Les résultats montrent un intérêt à l'utilisation des données d'entités nommées, permettant un gain relatif allant jusqu'à 6,5 %. ABSTRACT Curriculum learning : named entity recognition for semantic concept extraction In this paper, we present an end-to-end approach for semantic concept extraction from speech. In particular, we highlight the contribution of a successive learning chain driven by a curriculum learning strategy. In the learning chain, we use French data with named entity annotations that we assume are more generic concepts than semantic concept related to a specific computer application. In this study, the aim is to extract semantic concept as part of the MEDIA task. To improve the proposed system, we also use data augmentation, 5-gram langage model and a star mode to help the system focus on concepts and their values during the training. Results show an interest in using named entity data, allowing a relative gain up to 6.5%. MOTS-CLÉS : Curriculum d'apprentissage, transfert d'apprentissage, bout en bout, extraction de concepts sémantiques, entités nommées

Event-based Access to Historical Italian War Memoirs

The progressive digitization of historical archives provides new, often domain specific, textual resources that report on facts and events which have happened in the past; among these, memoirs are a very common type of primary source. In this paper, we present an approach for extracting information from Italian historical war memoirs and turning it into structured knowledge. This is based on the semantic notions of events, participants and roles. We evaluate quantitatively each of the key-steps of our approach and provide a graph-based representation of the extracted knowledge, which allows to move between a Close and a Distant Reading of the collection.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figure

Using Neural Networks for Relation Extraction from Biomedical Literature

Using different sources of information to support automated extracting of relations between biomedical concepts contributes to the development of our understanding of biological systems. The primary comprehensive source of these relations is biomedical literature. Several relation extraction approaches have been proposed to identify relations between concepts in biomedical literature, namely, using neural networks algorithms. The use of multichannel architectures composed of multiple data representations, as in deep neural networks, is leading to state-of-the-art results. The right combination of data representations can eventually lead us to even higher evaluation scores in relation extraction tasks. Thus, biomedical ontologies play a fundamental role by providing semantic and ancestry information about an entity. The incorporation of biomedical ontologies has already been proved to enhance previous state-of-the-art results.Comment: Artificial Neural Networks book (Springer) - Chapter 1

Dialogue history integration into end-to-end signal-to-concept spoken language understanding systems

This work investigates the embeddings for representing dialog history in spoken language understanding (SLU) systems. We focus on the scenario when the semantic information is extracted directly from the speech signal by means of a single end-to-end neural network model. We proposed to integrate dialogue history into an end-to-end signal-to-concept SLU system. The dialog history is represented in the form of dialog history embedding vectors (so-called h-vectors) and is provided as an additional information to end-to-end SLU models in order to improve the system performance. Three following types of h-vectors are proposed and experimentally evaluated in this paper: (1) supervised-all embeddings predicting bag-of-concepts expected in the answer of the user from the last dialog system response; (2) supervised-freq embeddings focusing on predicting only a selected set of semantic concept (corresponding to the most frequent errors in our experiments); and (3) unsupervised embeddings. Experiments on the MEDIA corpus for the semantic slot filling task demonstrate that the proposed h-vectors improve the model performance.Comment: Accepted for ICASSP 2020 (Submitted: October 21, 2019