Encoding Application Profiles in a Computational Model of the Crosswalk

OCLC’s Crosswalk Web Service (Godby, Smith and Childress, 2008) formalizes the notion of crosswalk, as defined in Gill,et al. (n.d.), by hiding technical details and permitting the Semantic equivalences to emerge as the centerpiece. One outcome is that metadata experts, who are typically not programmers, can enter the translation logic into a spreadsheet that can be automatically converted into executable code. In this paper, we describe the implementation of the Dublin Core Terms application profile in the management of crosswalks involving MARC. A crosswalk that encodes an application profile extends the typical format with two columns: one that annotates the namespace to which an element belongs, and one that annotates a ‘broadernarrower’ relation between a pair of elements, such as Dublin Core coverage and Dublin Core Terms spatial. This information is sufficient to produce scripts written in OCLC’s Semantic Equivalence Expression Language (or Seel), which are called from the Crosswalk Web Service to generate production-grade translations. With its focus on elements that can be mixed, matched, added, and redefined, the application profile (Heery and Patel, 2000) is a natural fit with the translation model of the Crosswalk Web Service, which attempts to achieve interoperability by mapping one pair of elements at a time

Encoding Application Profiles in a Computational Model of the Crosswalk

This paper describes the role of the Dublin Core Terms application profile in the management of crosswalks involving MARC in OCLC’s Crosswalk Web Service. This service, described in Godby, Smith and Childress (2008), formalizes the notion of crosswalk (Getty, n.d.) by hiding technical details and permitting the semantic equivalences to emerge as the centerpiece. As a result, metadata experts, who are typically not programmers, can enter the translation logic into a spreadsheet that can be automatically converted into executable code. The Crosswalk Web Service supports many mappings involving standards for describing bibliographic metadata, but the complex relationships among MARC and Dublin Core are especially compelling because they would be far less elegantly managed without the conceptual model of the application profile and the computational model of the crosswalk. With its focus on elements that can be mixed, matched, added, and redefined, the application profile (Heery and Patel, 2000) is a natural fit with the translation model of the Crosswalk Web Service, which attempts to achieve interoperability by mapping one pair of elements at a time. Users can test the service with their own records by accessing the public demo on the OCLC ResearchWorks page, or by invoking the Dublin Core export functions in OCLC’s Connexion® Client

Proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications DC-2008, Berlin

vi, 217 p. : ill. ; 30 cm.Metadata is a key aspect of our evolving infrastructure for information management, social computing, and scientific collaboration. DC-2008 will focus on metadata challenges, solutions, and innovation in initiatives and activities underlying semantic and social applications. Metadata is part of the fabric of social computing, which includes the use of wikis, blogs, and tagging for collaboration and participation. Metadata also underlies the development of semantic applications, and the Semantic Web — the representation and integration of multimedia knowledge structures on the basis of semantic models. These two trends flow together in applications such as Wikipedia, where authors collectively create structured information that can be extracted and used to enhance access to and use of information sources. Recent discussion has focused on how existing bibliographic standards can be expressed as Semantic Web vocabularies to facilitate the ingration of library and cultural heritage data with other types of data. Harnessing the efforts of content providers and end-users to link, tag, edit, and describe their information in interoperable ways (”participatory metadata”) is a key step towards providing knowledge environments that are scalable, self-correcting, and evolvable. DC-2008 will explore conceptual and practical issues in the development and deployment of semantic and social applications to meet the needs of specific communities of practice.CONTENTS PAPER SESSION 1 DUBLIN CORE: INNOVATION AND MOVING FORWARD Encoding Application Profiles in a Computational Model of the Crosswalk 3 Carol Jean Godby, Devon Smith & Eric Childress Relating Folksonomies with Dublin Core 14 Maria Elisabete Catarino & Ana Alice Baptista PAPER SESSION 2 SEMANTIC INTEGRATION, LINKING, AND KOS METHODS LCSH, SKOS and Linked Data 25 Ed Summers, Antoine Isaac, Clay Redding & Dan Krech Theme Creation for Digital Collections 34 Xia Lin, Jiexun Li & Xiaohua Zhou Comparing Human and Automatic Thesaurus Mapping Approaches in the Agricultural Domain 43 Boris Lauser, Gudrun Johannsen, Caterina Caracciolo, Johannes Keizer, Willem Robert van Hage & Philipp Mayr PAPER SESSION 3 METADATA GENERATION: METHODS, PROFILES, AND MODELS Automatic Metadata Extraction from Museum Specimen Labels 57 P Bryan Heidorn & Qin Wei Achievement Standards Network (ASN): An Application Profile for Mapping K-12 Educational Resources to Achievement Standards 69 Stuart A Sutton & Diny Golder Collection/Item Metadata Relationships 80 Allen H Renear, Richard J Urban, Karen M Wickett, David Dubin & Sarah L Shreeves PAPER SESSION 4 METADATA QUALITY Answering the Call for more Accountability: Applying Data Profiling to Museum Metadata 93 Seth van Hooland, Yves Bontemps & Seth Kaufman A Conceptual Framework for Metadata Quality Assessment 104 Thomas Margaritopoulos, Merkourios Margaritopoulos, Ioannis Mavridis & Athanasios Manitsaris PAPER SESSION 5 TAGGING AND METADATA FOR SOCIAL NETWORKING Semantic Relation Extraction from Socially-Generated Tags: A Methodology for Metadata Generation 117 Miao Chen, Xiaozhong Liu & Jian Qin The State of the Art in Tag Ontologies: A Semantic Model for Tagging and Folksonomies 128 Hak Lae Kim, Simon Scerri, John G Breslin, Stefan Decker & Hong Gee Kim PROJECT REPORT SESSION 1 TOWARD THE SEMANTIC WEB DCMF: DC & Microformats, a Good Marriage 141 Eva Méndez, Leandro M López, Arnau Siches & Alejandro G Bravo Making a Library Catalogue Part of the Semantic Web 146 Martin Malmsten PROJECT REPORT SESSION 2 METADATA SCHEME DESIGN, APPLICATION, AND USE The Dryad Data Repository: A Singapore Framework Metadata Architecture in a DSpace Environment 157 Hollie C White, Sarah Carrier, Abbey Thompson, Jane Greenberg & Ryan Scherle Applying DCMI Elements to Digital Images and Text in the Archimedes Palimpsest Program 163 Michael B Toth & Doug Emery Assessing Descriptive Substance in Free-Text Collection-Level Metadata 169 Oksana Zavalina, Carole L Palmer, Amy S Jackson & Myung-Ja Han PROJECT REPORT SESSION 3 VOCABULARY INTEGRATION AND INTEROPERABILITY Building a Terminology Network for Search: The KoMoHe project 177 Philipp Mayr & Vivien Petras Cool URIs for the DDC: Towards Web-Scale Accessibility of a Large Classification System 183 Michael Panzer The Specification of the Language of the Field and Interoperability: Cross-language Access to Catalogues and Online Libraries (CACAO) 191 Barbara Levergood, Stefan Farrenkopf & Elisabeth Frasnelli POSTER ABSTRACTS Implementation of Rich Metadata Formats and Semantic Tools using DSpace 199 Imma Subirats, ARD Prasad, Johannes Keizer & Andrew Bagdanov SKOS for an Integrated Vocabulary Structure200 Marcia L Zeng, Wei Fan & Xia Lin Exploring Evolutionary Biologists’ Use and Perceptions of Semantic Metadata for Data Curation 202 Hollie C White LCSH is to Thesaurus as Doorbell is to Mammal: Visualizing Structural Problems in the Library of Congress Subject Headings 203 Simon Spero Metadata in an Ecosystem of Presentation Dissemination204 R John Robertson, Phil Barker & Mahendra Mahey A Comparison of Social Tagging Designs and User Participation 205 Caitlin M Bentley & Patrick R Labelle The Data Documentation Initiative (DDI) 206 Joachim Wackerow junii2 and AIRway - an Application Profile for Scholarly Works and Its Application for Link Resolvers 207 Kunie Horikoshi, Yuji Nonaka, Satsuki Kamiya, Shigeki Sugita, Haruo Asoshina & Izumi Sugita Open Identification and Linking of the Four Ws 208 Ryan Shaw & Michael Buckland Web 20 Semantic Systems: Collaborative Learning in Science 209 Michael Shoffner, Jane Greenberg, Jacob Kramer-Duffield & David Woodbury Doing the LibraryThingTM in an Academic Library Catalog 211 Christine DeZelar-Tiedman Applying DC to Institutional Data Repositories 212 Robin Rice AUTHOR INDEX 213 SUBJECT INDEX 21