Electron/pion separation with an Emulsion Cloud Chamber by using a Neural Network

We have studied the performance of a new algorithm for electron/pion separation in an Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC) made of lead and nuclear emulsion films. The software for separation consists of two parts: a shower reconstruction algorithm and a Neural Network that assigns to each reconstructed shower the probability to be an electron or a pion. The performance has been studied for the ECC of the OPERA experiment [1]. The $e/\pi$ separation algorithm has been optimized by using a detailed Monte Carlo simulation of the ECC and tested on real data taken at CERN (pion beams) and at DESY (electron beams). The algorithm allows to achieve a 90% electron identification efficiency with a pion misidentification smaller than 1% for energies higher than 2 GeV

Improved extraction technique for biological fluids

Liquid-liquid extraction technique speeds up separation of biological fluids into number of compounds. This eliminates agitation, emulsion formation, centrifugation, mechanical separation of phases, filtration, and other steps that have been used previously. Extraction efficiencies are equal or better than current manual liquid-liquid extraction techniques

FORMULATION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL STABILITY OF 20% GLYCOLIC ACID CREAMS USING POLYACRYLAMIDE, C13-14 ISOPARAFFIN, LAURETH-7 AND COMBINATION OF POLYACRYLAMIDE, C13-14 ISOPARAFFIN, LAURETH 7 WITH A GLUKOLIPID OF VEGETABLE ORIGIN

Glycolic acid is a α-hydroxy acids (AHAs). It are used in skin lightening creams. It were developed formulation of 20% glycolic acid creams. The creams were made using 4% of polyacrylamide, C13-14 isoparaffin, laureth-7 as a thickening agent for cream gels and emulsions base and combination of 1.5% of polyacrylamide, C13-14 isoparaffin, laureth-7 and 5% of a glukolipid of vegetable origin as emulisufier agent. Then the physicochemical stabilities were tested using climatic chamber for 30 days at 40˚C with 75% Relative Humidity (RH). The parameters stability observed were organoleptic, droplet size, density, viscosity, emulsion type, phase separation, pH and concentration of acid glikolat.Organoleptis, droplet size, density, viscosity, type of emulsion and phase separation of all of creams were stable, but the pH decreased during the storage time. The time of the concentration of glycolic acid remaining to 90% in cream using using 4% of polyacrylamide, C13-14 isoparaffin, laureth-7 and using combination of using 4% of polyacrylamide, C13-14 isoparaffin, laureth-7 with 5% of a glukolipid of vegetable origin were 30 and 32 days respectively

Pengaruh Salinitas KCl & NaCl terhadap Kestabilan Emulsi Minyak Mentah–Air di Lapangan Bekasap, PT. Chevron Pacific Indonesia

In the oil well drilling and service process, NaCl and KCl used to provide hydrostatic pressure into the bowels of the earth. Brine solution unintentionally produced to the surface facility when oil lifting process perform and induce thickness of oil-water emulsion at separation tank. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of NaCl and KCl on the oil-water demulsification process at Bekasap field area, PT CPI Duri. This study was conducted by varying salinity of NaCl and KCl by 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% in 100ml oil-water emulsion sample with oil and water ratio 1:1. Demulsification of emulsion sample using precipitation method for 240 minutes, at temperature 60oC and recording increasing the number of free water every 20 minutes. The data obtained from study showed in the graphs indicate that emulsion separation speed tends to be slower due to increase of salt salinity. From the final result after 240 minutes of precipitation shown that emulsion separation process which influenced by NaCl salt is more difficult than the effect of KCl salt

Phase separation dynamics in colloid-polymer mixtures: the effect of interaction range

Colloid-polymer mixtures may undergo either fluid-fluid phase separation or gelation. This depends on the depth of the quench (polymer concentration) and polymer-colloid size ratio. We present a real-space study of dynamics in phase separating colloid-polymer mixtures with medium- to long-range attractions (polymer-colloid size ratio q_R=0.45-0.89, with the aim of understanding the mechanism of gelation as the range of the attraction is changed. In contrast to previous studies of short-range attractive systems, where gelation occurs shortly after crossing the equilibrium phase boundary, we find a substantial region of fluid-fluid phase separation. On deeper quenches the system undergoes a continuous crossover to gel formation. We identify two regimes, `classical' phase separation, where single particle relaxation is faster than the dynamics of phase separation, and `viscoelastic' phase separation, where demixing is slowed down appreciably due to slow dynamics in the colloid-rich phase. Particles at the surface of the strands of the network exhibit significantly greater mobility than those buried inside the gel strand which presents a method for coarsening.Comment: 8 page

An innovative, fast and facile soft-template approach for the fabrication of porous PDMS for oil-water separation

Oil wastewater and spilled oil caused serious environmental pollution and damage to public health in the last years. Therefore, considerable efforts are made to develop sorbent materials able to separate oil from water with high selectivity and sorption capacity. However most of them are low reusable, with low volume absorption capacity and poor mechanical properties. Moreover, the synthesis is time-consuming, complex and expensive limiting its practical application in case of emergency. Here we propose an innovative approach for the fabrication of porous PDMS starting from an inverse water-in-silicone procedure able to selectively collect oil from water in few seconds. The synthesis is dramatically faster than previous approaches, permitting the fabrication of the material in few minutes independently from the dimension of the sponges. The porous material evidenced a higher volume sorption capacity with respect to other materials already proposed for oil sorption from water and excellent mechanical and reusability properties.This innovative fast and simple approach can be successful in case of emergency, as oil spill accidents, permitting in situ fabrication of porous absorbents

Stability of palm oil-based emulsion liquid membrane for succinic acid extraction from aqueous solution

Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) process has high potential in the separation of succinic from the fermentation broth. However, the major drawback of this technology is the stability of emulsion globules during the extraction process and the chemical involve d in the liquid membrane formulation. This study investigate the stability of ELM using a greener formulation containing Amberlite LA - 2 as a carrier, Span 80 and Tween 80 as a surfactant, palm oil as a diluent and sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) as an aqueous st ripping agent. The emulsion stability was evaluated by observing the water - oil separation of the emulsion and microscopic image of emulsion droplets count and size. Several operating parameters including the organic to internal ratio, homogenizer speed, ho mogenizing time, and surfactant concentration, and surfactant blend were investigated. The results show the most stable water - in - oil emulsion was observed at 3:1 organic to internal ratio; 7000rpm homogenizer speed; 5 minute emulsification time; 3% (w/v) s urfactant at HLB 8. Besides, the extraction study shows 70% of the succinic acid was extracted at 0.01M Na 2 CO 3 , 1:3 treat ratio, and 0.7M Amberlite in palm oil at optimum primary emulsion stability conditions. This indicates the potential of using palm oil based ELM for the extraction of succinic acid

Wetting gradient induced separation of emulsions: A combined experimental and lattice Boltzmann computer simulation study

Guided motion of emulsions is studied via combined experimental and theoretical investigations. The focus of the work is on basic issues related to driving forces generated via a step-wise (abrupt) change in wetting properties of the substrate along a given spatial direction. Experiments on binary emulsions unambiguously show that selective wettability of the one of the fluid components (water in our experiments) with respect to the two different parts of the substrate is sufficient in order to drive the separation process. These studies are accompanied by approximate analytic arguments as well as lattice Boltzmann computer simulations, focusing on effects of a wetting gradient on internal droplet dynamics as well as its relative strength compared to volumetric forces driving the fluid flow. These theoretical investigations show qualitatively different dependence of wetting gradient induced forces on contact angle and liquid volume in the case of an open substrate as opposed to a planar channel. In particular, for the parameter range of our experiments, slit geometry is found to give rise to considerably higher separation forces as compared to open substrate.Comment: 34 pages, 12 figure

Optimization of Oil-in-Water Emulsion Stability: Experimental Design, Multiple Light Scattering, and Acoustic Attenuation Spectroscopy

To find an optimal formulation of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions (o = 0.05), the effect of emulsifier nature and concentration, agitation speed, emulsifying time, storage temperature and their mutual interactions on the properties and behavior of these dispersions is evaluated by means of an experimental design (Nemrodw software). Long-term emulsion stability is monitored by multiple light scattering (Turbiscan ags) and acoustic attenuation spectroscopy (Ultrasizer). After matching surfactant HLB and oil required HLB, a model giving the Sauter diameter as a function of emulsifier concentration, agitation speed and emulsification time is proposed. The highest stability of C12E4-stabilized O/W emulsions is observed with 1% emulsifier