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Commercializing International Environmental Protection: A Review of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Its Market-Based Mechanisms

One of the most current pressing environmental problems threatening the well-being and survival of the global community is climate change. The change in the Earth's climate is believed to be caused by human-induced activities such as the several decades of uncontrolled emissions of greenhouse gases. There is now a universal consensus that climate change is a global problem that needs urgent global attention and response. The need to compel a paradigm shift in the emissions of several gases accountable for global warming with the resultant effect of climate change led to the negotiation of an international agreement known as the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol commits industrialized nations and nations with economies in transition to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and achieve their reductions targets. To achieve its aim, the Kyoto Protocol initiated three innovative market-based mechanisms, now known as the carbon market, designed to help Parties meet their national greenhouse emissions reduction targets. This paper reviews the market-based mechanisms (Carbon Market) of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to ascertain whether the Kyoto Protocol has achieved significant global greenhouse gas emissions reduction through its carbon market. The paper also examines the compliance mechanism, the successes, and failures of the Kyoto Protocol. The paper concludes with a recommendation that both the developed and developing countries must be involved in greenhouse gas emissions reduction if any significant global greenhouse gas emissions reduction is to be achieved. Keywords: Kyoto Protocol, Kyoto Protocol market-based mechanisms, Kyoto compliance mechanism, Kyoto Protocol successes, Kyoto Protocol failures. DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/86-03 Publication date:September 30th 202

The Impacts of the Covid-19 Coronavirus Pandemic on International Environmental Protection

The COVID-19 Pandemic, first reported in Wuhan-the capital of Hubei Province of China in December 2019, is a human tragedy that is currently affecting millions of people around the globe. Presently, about 215 countries have reported cases of COVID-19. As of September 23, 2020, case growth, according to the Worldometer, has accelerated to 31,850,036 cases, with 976,559 deaths and 23,449,907 recoveries. The World Health Organization (WHO), on January 30, 2020, announced COVID-19 as a pandemic and listed it as a public health emergency of global concern. It indicated with certainty that the COVID-19 epidemic would extend to every part of the world and noted that all individuals, businesses, and governments could change the disease's trajectory. On March 24, 2020, noting that the COVID-19 Pandemic is progressively spreading and its impacts upon human health and the economy escalating daily, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) urged governments to take urgent actions to minimize possible secondary impacts upon the global environment. However, a cursory survey of the effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the world would show that it has already impacted international environmental protection in multidimensional ways. Thus, this paper focuses on the impacts of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic on international environmental protection. Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic, international environmental protection (IEP), positive impacts of COVID-19 on IEP, negative impacts of COVID-19 on IEP, balancing economic growth with environmental protection. DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/101-12 Publication date:September 30th 202

July 2014

Does the Economic Big Picture Drive Your Decisions? Three “Context Clues” Leaders Should Never Ignore How can your company’s leaders make better decisions where challenges are concerned? Some of those decisions have short-term consequences while others will affect the business for much longer. Ron Scherer and Joel Naroff points out three clues leaders should never ignore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Talk Your Way to the Top: Why Old-School Communication Skills are the Competitive Edge New Grads Need Geoffrey Tumlin advises new grads not to depend on your new credentials or your great GPA to win the job you want. He warns that they don’t matter nearly as much as your ability to articulate, influence, persuade, and connect. . . . . . . . . 11 Ten On-the-Job Mistakes That May Be Sabotaging Your Career Ben Carpenter shows us that some workers are making mistakes—either subtle missteps or sins of omission or both on their job. He pinpoints 10 specific on-the-job mistakes that may be hurting their career. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Do What You’re Good At, Not What You Love: Real Talk for Today’s Job Seekers While following your passion is a popular career advice, matching your job to your skill set is a much better bet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Real Estate Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Financial Column. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Navigate the Global Economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Investments and Finance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Computer Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 The Lists: Commercial Printers in the Inland Empire. . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Certified Public Accountants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Advertising Agencies in the Inland Empire. . . . . . . . . . . 14 SBA Lenders in the Inland Empire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Business & Liability Insurance Agencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Communication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Career Success. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Manager’s Bookshelf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Career Advice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 New Business Lists: County of San Bernardino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 County of Riverside. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Executive Time Out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Restaurant Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

September 2010

Real-Time Performance Reviews According to Jim Whitt, performance reviews end up being “check the boxes” exercises that have little influence on performance because they take place after the fact. Employees need and want direction. How and when it is done is what makes the difference Expand Your Ideas Using Google Find out how a good search engine, such as Google, can make developing a new product or service much more efficient and insightful. Often its use leads to results for first-time users trying to find solutions to new problems Budget Challenges Lie Ahead for County of San Bernardino To balance this year’s budget for the County of San Bernardino, even greater fiscal challenges lie ahead even though the county took many steps to save and cut back Boost Sales Right Now—Focus on the 5 P’s For a business to be even more successful today, they need to have 4 P’s in place: People, Policies, Procedures and Processes. George Dans explains how you can improve your business today by focusing on these areas Everybody Sells! Transforming Exceptional Service Into Revenue Growth As customers cautiously begin to spend their tightly held dollars, companies are realizing that re-establishing their previous customer relationships isn’t enough. The success of their growth strategy depends on increasing customer acquisition and loyalty Management Investments and Finance The Lists: Inland Empire’s Largest Hotels Golf Courses in the Inland Empire Banks in the Inland Empire Better Business Commentary Real Estate Notes Referral Exchange Network News Column Sales Inland Empire People and Events Computer Column Close-Up Restaurant Review Manager’s Bookshelf New Business Lists: County of San Bernardino County of Riverside Executive Time Ou

February 2011

Toward a New American Century Michael Milken believes America can extend pre-eminence on competition from China and other countries if we assume greater responsibility for its common destiny. He gives six areas in particular that provide opportunities for positive change Create a Mastermind Group That Works for You Joelle Jay outlines six steps of mastermind creation—a small group of dedicated peers who share and support each other through the challenges of life and leadership. The Future of Your Business is in the Palm of Your Hand—Using the Power of Smartphones to Grow Your Business What started as a must-have device that didn’t tie you down has now morphed into a texting, tweeting, multi-tasking productivity and entertainment gadget that offers a wide range of possibilities for you and your business. It’s Okay to Look How Searching Other Companies’ Patents Can Keep Your Company Safe Searching competitors’ published patent applications and existing patents have actually helped companies in maximizing their commercial advantages and following the laws Should you increase your prices tenfold? Stuart Morley gives good advice in helping mid-sized companies, especially with pricing strategy difficulties. When mid-sized companies bid on multi-million dollar projects, decisions have to be made in its pricing The 8 Things Your Staff Hates About You—Get More Respect by Changing Bad Management Habits When your staff members respect you and the way you manage the team, it improves morale. When morale goes up, production goes up The Lists: Banks in the Inland Empire Architectural/Engineering Firms Top Commercial/Industrial Contractors Residential Builders Management Investments and Finance Real Estate Notes Close-Up Sales and Pricing Computer Inland Empire People and Events Restaurant Review Manager’s Bookshelf New Business Lists: County of San Bernardino County of Riverside Executive Time Ou

March 2014

News and Features The Way You Do Anything Is the Way You Do Everything (and Nine More “Tough Love” Truths for Business Owners) Suzanne Evans says that you, and you alone, are the source of your success or failure. She gives us 10 inconvenient but ironclad truths that all business owners should take to heart. . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Will Your Social Security Check Be in the Mail Come 2015? Economist Allen W. Smith says there is no trust fund, and a number of elected officials, including former President George W. Bush, have acknowledged that. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 The Last –Minute First-Quarter Save: Five Tactics to Help You Snatch Record Profits From the Jaws of Defeat If your business’s first quarter numbers aren’t looking good, you may be tempted to throw in the towel. But Suzanne Evans says there’s still time to turn this ship around. Here, she shares five tactics that just might salvage your bottom line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Are You Talkin’ to Me? Understand and Adapt to Different Communication Styles Understanding the style of the person you are communicating with can make the difference between getting your message across and getting it across well. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Columns Real Estate Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Computer Column. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Sales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Leadership in Business. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 The Lists: MBA/Executive Programs in the Inland Empire. . . . . . . 7 The Top HMOs and PPOs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Residential Real Estate Brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Women-Owned Businesses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Communication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Investments and Finance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Business Success. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Restaurant Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Manager’s Bookshelf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Communication in Business. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 New Business Lists: County of San Bernardino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 County of Riverside. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Executive Time Out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

June 1989

Health of the Inland Empire Financial Institutions the Inland Empire Business Journal contacted the FDIC to obtain information on Inland Empire banks on the problem bank list in the aftermath of the Savings and Loan Crisis.............................1 Gambling Could Raise $500,000 in New Taxes for Cathedral City Mayor George G. Hardie\u27s proposal for a resort hotel and gaming Card Club complex. (includes interview with Mayor Hardie).......................1 Developers Offer Sewer Fund Monies a consortium of eastern Riverside County developers approached the Eastern Municipal Water District (EMWD) with a proposal to pre-pay building permit fees to accelerate sewer plant expansion to support development.......................1 New Magazine to Link California Real Estate Sellers with Japanese Buyers Publisher Guy Torelli announced California Real Estate Guide with a circulation of 2500.......................5 Temecula Company Begins Use of Mobile Soil Decontamination Process U.S. Waste Thermal Processing, a Temecula-based subsidiary of U.S. Waste Group, will begin work on a contract with Union Oil Co. to decontaminate the petroleum contaminated soil at a Unocal station in Rancho California.......................8 Close-up: Senator Robert Presley - he chairs the State Senate Appropriations Committee which hears about 2,000 bills yearly Senator Robert Presley of Riverside and Chairman of the powerful Senate Appropriations Committee expresses his views on the Inland Empire\u27s opportunities and problems in the face of rapid growth..............................................13 Days in the Vineyards: Schramsberg to host exclusive picnics Picnics in the Vineyards in a private grove on the Napa Valley champagne house\u27s renowned estate is a fund-raiser for the Napa Valley Opera House..................18 Restaurant Row: a wine and food survey by William reviews the California Culinary Academy in San Francisco; the Madrona Manor (owned by John and Carol Muir) in Healdsburg; Andreinos in Palm Desert (owned by Michael Castelli)...................21 Inland Empire Businesswomen focuses on Judi Funtas Owner/President, Baker Personnel in Upland; Diane Zak, Director of Human Resources and Information Systems, the TORO Irrigation Division in Riverside; Deborah Mandabach, Director of Marketing, The Arrowhead Health Care System in San Bernardino.......................22 Local Small Companies get Fortune 500 Support in the ultimate office building of the future, created in Ontario by American Comm Center Corporation......................23 Chino Valley Bank Receives Top Award For the eighth consecutive year Chino Valley Bank received the prestigious Premier Performance Bank award from the Findley Reports consulting group of Brea...............26 Revamped Kaiser Steel Shows First Profits Kaiser Steel Resources, Inc., the reorganized successor to Kaiser Steel Corporation, reported that their first post-Chapter 11 bankruptcy full quarter was profitable................27 Santa Fe to Move Headquarters to Tri-City Centre the railroad announces the move of its headquarters from San Bernardino to the Tri-City Corporate Centre...................27 Japanese Market: Opening Rapidly to World Products describes the factors contributing to the opening of Japan\u27s markets and suggests strategies and resources for businesses interested in the market opportunity....................8 The History of Tenant Representation Scott Grubert reviews the history of how business tenant representation has developed over the years as clients increasingly need both a real estate broker and representation in negotiations between that broker and a potential lessor................15 Turnaround Medicine Can Also be Preventive Rick Lamprecht offers turnaround strategies that can be utilized to strengthen any business.................7 Sales Promotion Business Goes Full Circle reprint of article by Bill Robinson and Bud Frankel on the sales promotion business coming back to its original focus of regional promotion They present a planning checklist for self evaluation..........................4 EDITORIAL: Higher Taxes not the Answer to Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse Prevention and treatment of alcoholism and alcohol abuse, not higher excise taxes on alcoholic beverages, is the answer to the staggering social cost of abusive drinking....................12 Twelve Steps to Meeting Success Donna Aim, Communication Manager, San Diego Convention Center, offers a checklist to ensure a successful meeting..............16 The Lists: Troubled Thrift List...........................3 75 Largest Employers in the Inland Empire...................10 Inland Empire 25 Largest Hotels - Meeting Facilities ......................19 Inland Empire Independent Financial Institutions Ranked by Return on Assets as of December, 1988.........................2

October 2011

From Social Brand to Social Business Many organizations today are on a quest to become a social brand. They are investing in Facebook applications, branded communities and blogs The Consequences of Living and Dying Without an Estate Plan Most of us expect that tomorrow will be another day like any other. But, as Euripides said, “No one can confidently say that he will still be living tomorrow.” If you don’t have the proper documents for your estate, the court will make decisions for you and your family 9 Timely Tips for Pre-Presentation Preparation If you ever find yourself invited to speak to a group, perhaps you have overlooked a few final details. Patricia Fripp gives us a few final steps to take before you face your audience and thrill your boss, client, colleagues or meeting planner Healthcare fraud hurts us all Fraud plays a significant play in the cost of healthcare. Criminals steal billions of dollars each year from Medicare, Medicaid, and the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP). This is taxpayer money that should be going to medical treatment for some of our most vulnerable citizens The Five Essential Steps of a Successful Business Turnaround John Treace says that he has taken part in many business turnarounds in his career, and time and again noticed the same problems. He gives us five steps that need to happen during any major business adjustment and some of the pitfalls to avoid along the way College Grads Can Land the Job of Their Dreams Patricia Sadar gives tips and offers a checklist of strategies and road map to travel to land the job of your dreams Editorial Communication via Technology Investments and Finance The Lists: Copier, Fax and Business Equipment Retailers in the Inland Empire Internet/Telecommunications Firms Serving the Inland Empire Private Aviation Internet Service Providers Serving the Inland Empire Real Estate Notes Legal Notes Communication Executive Notes Healthcare Computer Column Management Human Resources Management Restaurant ReviewManager’s Bookshelf New Business Lists: County of San Bernardino County of Riverside Executive Time Ou