Social Entrepreneurs and Innovation for the Unemployment

This research explored the social entrepreneurship factors to reduce the rate of unemployment in North Sumatra Indonesia. Social entrepreneurship is built through four main elements, namely social value, civil society, innovation, and economic activity. Through the element of innovation, a new form of social entrepreneurship was discovered. Theoretical reviews of social entrepreneurship practices that have been applied in various elements of civil society show innovation elements. An effort to overcome unemployment in Medan Municipality many forms of Social Entrepreneurships were analyzed. Social entrepreneurship that is most appropriately adopted in the city of Medan to reduce unemployment is to empower young women. It concluded that the synergic forms of Social Entrepreneurship with universities, banking institutions and the government, elements of social entrepreneurship including social value, civil society, innovation and economic activity

Loop-closure events during protein folding: Rationalizing the shape of Phi-value distributions

In the past years, the folding kinetics of many small single-domain proteins has been characterized by mutational Phi-value analysis. In this article, a simple, essentially parameter-free model is introduced which derives folding routes from native structures by minimizing the entropic loop-closure cost during folding. The model predicts characteristic folding sequences of structural elements such as helices and beta-strand pairings. Based on few simple rules, the kinetic impact of these structural elements is estimated from the routes and compared to average experimental Phi-values for the helices and strands of 15 small, well-characterized proteins. The comparison leads on average to a correlation coefficient of 0.62 for all proteins with polarized Phi-value distributions, and 0.74 if distributions with negative average Phi-values are excluded. The diffuse Phi-value distributions of the remaining proteins are reproduced correctly. The model shows that Phi-value distributions, averaged over secondary structural elements, can often be traced back to entropic loop-closure events, but also indicates energetic preferences in the case of a few proteins governed by parallel folding processes.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables; to appear in "Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics

Some generic properties of level spacing distributions of 2D real random matrices

We study the level spacing distribution $P(S)$ of 2D real random matrices both symmetric as well as general, non-symmetric. In the general case we restrict ourselves to Gaussian distributed matrix elements, but different widths of the various matrix elements are admitted. The following results are obtained: An explicit exact formula for $P(S)$ is derived and its behaviour close to S=0 is studied analytically, showing that there is linear level repulsion, unless there are additional constraints for the probability distribution of the matrix elements. The constraint of having only positive or only negative but otherwise arbitrary non-diagonal elements leads to quadratic level repulsion with logarithmic corrections. These findings detail and extend our previous results already published in a preceding paper. For the {\em symmetric} real 2D matrices also other, non-Gaussian statistical distributions are considered. In this case we show for arbitrary statistical distribution of the diagonal and non-diagonal elements that the level repulsion exponent $\rho$ is always $\rho = 1$, provided the distribution function of the matrix elements is regular at zero value. If the distribution function of the matrix elements is a singular (but still integrable) power law near zero value of $S$, the level spacing distribution $P(S)$ is a fractional exponent pawer law at small $S$. The tail of $P(S)$ depends on further details of the matrix element statistics. We explicitly work out four cases: the constant (box) distribution, the Cauchy-Lorentz distribution, the exponential distribution and, as an example for a singular distribution, the power law distribution for $P(S)$ near zero value times an exponential tail.Comment: 21 pages, no figures, submitted to Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung

Evaluation Bases in Accountancy

In specialty literature, the accounting evaluation is defined as the process which consists of the quantification and, on this basis, in measuring in a moneyed expression of the size of patrimonial elements and operations regarding the movement of these elements. Likewise, the evaluation represents that process of determining the moneyed value where the described elements in the financial situations are recognized and enlisted in the balance sheet and the profit and loss account. In this paper we propose a succinct characterization of the needle of that evaluation bases which can successfully enter the equation of reasonability and rationality: historical cost, current cost, effectible value and updated value.accounting evaluation, fair value, costs

Representation and intervention: The symbiotic relationship of conservation and value

Physical and intellectual access to heritage is shaped by conservation through a longterm, cyclic and symbiotic relationship of representation and intervention (or lack of it). This informs future use and representation. Value (which may be assigned for different reasons) makes heritage. All heritage is valued for varied reasons. Some argue that heritage has inherent value; this is not covered in this paper. Some values are preferred over others in decisions on what to use or conserve. The process below describes a number of different recurring phases in this relationship, which differs with different kinds of heritage: 1. Various agents change heritage; 2. Change affects valued elements of heritage; 3. Valued elements affect how change is perceived; 4. What is perceived as damage affects decisions about conservation interventions; 5. Conservation affects which valued elements are most likely to be preserved; 6. Preserved elements influence how heritage is represented; 7. New forms of representation will affect future conservation decisions. Historically, how heritage has been represented has affected how an object is preserved. This affects later representation and use, making the relationship symbiotic

Off-diagonal matrix elements of local operators in many-body quantum systems

In the time evolution of isolated quantum systems out of equilibrium, local observables generally relax to a long-time asymptotic value, governed by the expectation values (diagonal matrix elements) of the corresponding operator in the eigenstates of the system. The temporal fluctuations around this value, response to further perturbations, and the relaxation toward this asymptotic value, are all determined by the off-diagonal matrix elements. Motivated by this non-equilibrium role, we present generic statistical properties of off-diagonal matrix elements of local observables in two families of interacting many-body systems with local interactions. Since integrability (or lack thereof) is an important ingredient in the relaxation process, we analyze models that can be continuously tuned to integrability. We show that, for generic non-integrable systems, the distribution of off-diagonal matrix elements is a gaussian centered at zero. As one approaches integrability, the peak around zero becomes sharper, so that the distribution is approximately a combination of two gaussians. We characterize the proximity to integrability through the deviation of this distribution from a gaussian shape. We also determine the scaling dependence on system size of the average magnitude of off-diagonal matrix elements.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure

TRI HITA KARANA A CONCEPTION IN CONDUCTING BALINESE ARTS

Abstract: Art is one from seven culture elements that show the identity of a nation because it has special characteristic which is bringing an unique experience that improve by its own and stay save inside the artist that create it. The prominent power in conducting art thing is beauty. Every creation of art is always base on ethics (act value), logic (truth value), and aesthetics (beauty value). Also in creating an art thing must fulfill three elements which are satwam (truth), siwam (greatness) and sundaram (beauty). Tri Hita Karana is three basic elements that can bring happiness (peace). Those three elements are parhyangan that contain meaning the relationship between human with the God (Ida Sang Hyang Widhi), pawongan which is the relationship between human with fellows, and the third is palemahan which has meaning the relationship between human with the surroundings. Those relationships must be equal integrally in Hindu cosmology. The world divided into three which are upper world called suarga as the place of Gods, middle world called bhuwah or bhuwah loka as the place for human, and under world called bhur loka as the place of evil spirits known as bhuta kala. The implementation of Tri Hita Karana concept in conducting Balinese arts can be seen from the variety of art elements which the object and the inspiration taken from the universe such as art of dancing, art of karawitan, art of puppetry and fine art. All the art things always performed in religious ceremony of offering (relationship between human and God), humanity activity (relationship between human with fellows) and preserving the universe (relationship between human and the surroundings