1,117 research outputs found

    Isolating LCDs at end-of-life using active disassembly technology: A feasibility study

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    The European Union draft Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive calls for the removal and separate treatment of liquid crystal displays (LCD). This aspect of the legislation will potentially have an important impact upon the future `End of Life' (EoL) processing of much WEEE. Active Disassembly using Smart Materials (ADSM) has been proven to have applicability in self-dismantling, nondestructive and rapid disassembly of small electronic products. This paper investigates the technical feasibility of removing LCD screens from IT communication products using ASDM technology. In this paper an option is suggested to cleanly separate LCD screens from printed circuit boards, utilizing an LCD bracket made from `shape memory polymer'. The case study products employed are Nokia Japanese J-Phones. Demonstration experiments with initial results are presented, and future developments discussed. SMB glass transformation temperatures (Tg) and time efficiency in disassembly are considered

    Sustainable machining - correlation of the optimization by minimum energy, minimum manufacturing time and cost of production

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    The machining process leads the indices of productivity and employability in a world level and has an enormous influence at social and economics standards, however it requires machinery that consume high levels of energy, chemical fluids and has great emissions of greenhouse gases. In our days as governments and clients increase their demands for the degradation of ecosystems, also increase the need for companies to implement sustainable policies and improve their environmental performances. The reduction of energy consumption and consequently the reduction of fossil supplies are a major source of concern at this level. This article establish a bridge between the classical approaches of optimization models of machining processes (Maximizing Production Rate and Minimizing Production Cost), and reduction of electricity. For a single pass turning it was used a mathematical model to analyse the data taken as a reference, optimizing the critical parameters of consumption of time, money and energy

    The implementation of discrete demand management algorithms within energy systems modelling

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    Traditionally, demand side management (DSM) programs have been driven by utilities. With the prospect of growth in the utilization of building-integrated micro-generation, DSM offers opportunities for additional energy savings and CO2 emission reductions through better utilisation of local renewable energy resources. This paper examines the feasibility of using discreet demand management (DDM) to improve the supply/demand match. For many combinations of micro-generation and DDM controls, it is necessary to know the environmental conditions (i.e. temperatures and lighting levels) within the buildings being modelled. One method would be to embed all the renewable energy technologies and DDM algorithms within a detailed simulation program. An alternative method, investigated in this study, involves coupling two existing tools: a dynamic building simulation program (ESP-r) and a demand/supply matching program (MERIT) that incorporates DDM algorithms and renewable energy system technologies. These two programs interact at the time-step level and exchange calculated parameters (relating to loads, supply potentials and prevailing environmental conditions) to enable an evaluation of DDM techniques in terms of energy saving and occupant impact. This paper describes the technique and presents simulation results relating to a number of building cases

    Shape memory alloy actuators for active disassembly using ‘smart’ materials of consumer electronic products

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    This paper reports the preliminary to current development of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators within their application in ‘Active Disassembly using Smart Materials’ (ADSM). This non-destructive self-dismantling process is to aid recycling of consumer electronic products. Actuators were placed in single and multi-stage hierarchical temperature regimes after being embedded into macro and sub-assemblies of electronic product assemblies. Findings include active disassembly and a hierarchical dismantling regime for product dismantling using developed SMA actuators embedded into candidate products

    Exploring the role of servitization to overcome barriers for innovative energy efficiency technologies – the case of public LED street lighting in German municipalities

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    In this paper we analyse the case for public application of LED street lighting. Drawing from the energy services literature and transaction cost economics, we compare modes of lighting governance for modernisation. We argue that servitization can accelerate the commercialisation and diffusion of end-use energy demand reduction (EUED) technologies in the public sector if third party energy service companies (ESCo) overcome technological, institutional and economic barriers that accompany the introduction of such technologies resulting in transaction costs. This can only succeed with a supportive policy framework and an environment conducive towards the dissemination of specific technological and commercial knowledge required for the diffusion process

    Product ecodesign and materials: current status and future prospects

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    The aim of this paper is to discuss the current status of ecodesign in the industry and its future implications for materials. There is today more and more focus on the environmental impacts of products during their whole life cycle. In particular, ecodesign aims at integrating environmental aspects during the product's design process as any other criterion, in order to reduce the life cycle impacts. Although a lot of product environmental impact assessment and Design for Environment tools already exist, environmental aspects are unfortunately rarely routinely integrated into product development process in the industry. This is mainly due to the fact that current ecodesign tools are little adapted to designers' practices, requirements and competencies. After the sequential and DfX paradigms, design of products is today maturing into Integrated Design, where multiple points of views and expertise have to be considered at the same time to progressively define the product
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