WG1N5315 - Response to Call for AIC evaluation methodologies and compression technologies for medical images: LAR Codec

This document presents the LAR image codec as a response to Call for AIC evaluation methodologies and compression technologies for medical images.This document describes the IETR response to the specific call for contributions of medical imaging technologies to be considered for AIC. The philosophy behind our coder is not to outperform JPEG2000 in compression; our goal is to propose an open source, royalty free, alternative image coder with integrated services. While keeping the compression performances in the same range as JPEG2000 but with lower complexity, our coder also provides services such as scalability, cryptography, data hiding, lossy to lossless compression, region of interest, free region representation and coding

Error resilient image transmission using T-codes and edge-embedding

Current image communication applications involve image transmission over noisy channels, where the image gets damaged. The loss of synchronization at the decoder due to these errors increases the damage in the reconstructed image. Our main goal in this research is to develop an algorithm that has the capability to detect errors, achieve synchronization and conceal errors.;In this thesis we studied the performance of T-codes in comparison with Huffman codes. We develop an algorithm for the selection of best T-code set. We have shown that T-codes exhibit better synchronization properties when compared to Huffman Codes. In this work we developed an algorithm that extracts edge patterns from each 8x8 block, classifies edge patterns into different classes. In this research we also propose a novel scrambling algorithm to hide edge pattern of a block into neighboring 8x8 blocks of the image. This scrambled hidden data is used in the detection of errors and concealment of errors. We also develop an algorithm to protect the hidden data from getting damaged in the course of transmission

FEC for efficient video transmission over CDMA

Video is one of the most important and also one of the most challenging types of traffic on communication networks. One of the challenges arises because communication networks can insert errors into video, and also compressed video is fragile in the presence of errors; that is a single error can propagate over a large portion of the video. This thesis describes how to protect the content of video during transmission by employing error correcting codes. It deals with the concept of transmitting video packets with redundancy embedded in it for attempting error recovery and improving the quality at the receiver side. The effect of bit errors on the overall video quality has been studied. This thesis throws light on the importance of each bit in a video frame to the overall received quality. The effect of the important bits has been monitored by performing a “bit killing” operation, wherein the critical bits are flipped. We have adopted BCH codes to improve the quality of video. Two types of FEC schemes have been implemented. In the first FEC scheme, data is not prioritized and various segments in the video stream are given equal importance. BCH (63, 51, 2) is used for this case. In the second scheme, a stronger FEC is applied to the first frame (the first I frame) as the important data is found in it. Hence BCH (63, 24, 7) is used for the first frame and BCH (63, 57, 1) is used for the rest inter frames. The main aim of the algorithm is to strengthen the video stream against most possible error cases and also reduce the percentage of the overhead bits arising because of BCH coding. The strength of the BCH is also varied to study the effect of signal-to-noise ratio on the BER. All discussions are furnished with simulation results. The primary target is the transmission of video through CDMA channels

EPICARDIAL WIRELESS PACEMAKER FOR IMPROVED LEFT VENTRICULAR RESYNCHRONIZATION (CONCEPTUAL DESIGN)

The human body is a well tuned mechanism where systems work in synergy to provide a healthy quality of life. The human circulatory system transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body delivering the proper nutrients for cells to function. When the heart malfunctions, serious complications can arise leading to sudden cardiac arrest. Congestive heart failure (CHF) is one heart disease that affects the synchrony of the heart’s ventricles. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been widely accepted as a treatment for CHF. Similar to traditional dual chamber pacing techniques, CRT adds a pacing lead to stimulate the left ventricle. Left ventricular leads are implanted via the coronary sinus which provides the easiest surgical access to the left ventricle. Another option for LV pacing is by using an epicardial lead. This option has proven to be safe and effective but requires major surgery. An epicardial lead is usually implanted by performing a thoracotomy. Many studies have been done to show the benefits of bi-ventricular pacing, therefore developing new methods to gain LV access safely and reliable are highly desirable. The epicardial satellite pacemaker, or EPI pacemaker, is a component of a larger CRT system. This implantable cardiac system is composed of a master pacing unit with leads and a remote satellite pacing unit. The master unit is a traditional CRT device electrically coupled to the right side of the heart. It controls the right atrium and ventricle via transvenous leads anchored to the endocardium of the heart. The master device generates the pacing pulses to stimulate the right atrium and right ventricle and a communications module to transmit pacing commands to the epicardial satellite device. The epicardial satellite pacemaker is a leadless device mounted directly on the epicardium of the left ventricle. The epicardial pacemaker can be implanted using a thoracoscopic procedure during implant of the master unit. In special events, it can be implanted using prophylactic techniques during heart bypass surgery of other surgical procedures where access to the heart is available. Much work needs to be done to prove the technology. But current RF communication capabilities in today’s devices offer the groundbreaking path to develop a satellite LV pacing design