The Adaptive Multi-Resolution Frequency-Domain ParFlow (MR-FDPF) Method for Indoor Radio Wave Propagation Simulation. Part I : Theory and Algorithms

This report presents the theoretical background and new developments of the multi-resolution frequency domain ParFlow (MR-FDPF) approach for the calculus or radio propagation in Indoor environments for centimetric waves. This method has been developed to face the need of a best understanding of Indoor propagation and to help the WiFi network planning task. Indeed, the development of a wireless design tool is based firstly on a radio propagation engine to predict accurately the radio coverage of access points, with a limited computational load. Usual approaches in the literature are based on either empiric modeling, deducted from measurements, or geometrical optic formalism leading to ray-tracing. While the former suffers a lake of accuracy, the later needs a trade-off between accuracy and computational load, often difficult to assess. The approach proposed herein is based on a finite element approach. Once the problem developed in the frequency domain, the linear system thus obtained is solved in two steps: a pre-processing step which consists in an adaptive multi-resolution (multi-grid) pre-conditioning and a propagation step. The second step computes the coverage of a point source with an up-and-down propagation through the binary tree associated with the multi-resolution description. This approach solves exactly the linear system but with a strongly reduced computational complexity when compared to the time domain approach. For example, a full AP coverage at a macroscopic resolution and for an environment of 1000x600 pixels (i.e. $6000m2$ at a $10cm$ resolution) lasts less than $200ms$

Modélisation et simulation de réseaux locaux et personnels sans fil : intégration des couches PHY et MAC

Dans ce travail nous nous intéressons à la modélisation des couches MAC et PHY dans le cadre des réseaux sans fil à faible, portée. Il présente les techniques de modélisation utilisées pour l'intégration des couches MAC-PHYs (Medium Access Control and Physical layer) de type IR-UWB (Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband) d'une part, et des nouvelles techniques de transmission à 60GHz incluant le beamforming d'autre part, dans le simulateur GloMoSim/QualNet. La modélisation de IR-UWB est basée sur la prise en compte directe des collisions d'impulsions et de l'interférence multi-utilisateur au niveau de la couche PHY par l'introduction du concept de séquences de réception et la notion d'orthogonalité en réception. L'architecture de modélisation proposée est basée sur l'utilisation d'une matrice d'interférence, elle a été développée en deux étapes : une première modélisation basée sur des trains d'impulsions uniformément espacées et une deuxième modélisation plus complète prenant en compte l'utilisation des séquences de sauts aléatoires également appelés séquences de time hopping. L'évaluation de performances de cette partie est basée sur une application typique des réseaux de capteurs dans le cadre d'une application de détection d'intrusion sur une surface protégée. La modélisation à 60 GHz à pour but la prise en compte des nouvelles techniques d'amélioration du débit, notamment l'agrégation et le beamforming. La prise en compte du beamforming est basée sur la définition, des diagrammes de rayonnement des antennes ainsi que de l'interface MAC-PHY/Antenne. La modélisation des deux protocoles de beamforming définis dans le standard 802.15.3c est également effectuée. L'évaluation de performances de cette partie est basée sur un système de distribution de contenu multimédia.In this work, we focus on physical and medium access control layer modeling and simulation for short range wireless communication. In particular, the modeling of the Impulse Radio Ultra Wide Band technique for wireless sensor networks and the high data rate communication modeling which uses millimeter wave and beamforming. The first part deals with the modeling of Impulse Radio Ultra Wide Band. The proposed model takes into account the pulse collision induced by multiple concurrent transmissions at the physical layer which is also called multi user interference. This aspect is accurately introduced thanks to the concept of reception time hopping sequences of concurrent reception and their orthogonality. The simulation architecture is built using two models: the first model is based on a uniformly distributed pulse train and the second model, more complete, takes into account variable time hopping sequences. The performance evaluation of this part is based on a typical wireless sensor networks application, in which sensor nodes are scattered on a particular area to detect and report intrusion events to a base station. The second part deals with the modeling of high data rate communication using millimeter wave. The targeted goal of millimeter wave transmission is to increase the data rate using some novel techniques: beamforming and data aggregation. Beamforming is modeled on the so-called codebook beamforming defined as the new beamforming technique for high data rate wireless communication standards. A methodology is developed to take into account the radiation pattern defined by the codebook indexes. For each index the gain of the directional antenna is computed for each direction. This is used in the simulation model physical layer to determine the directional antenna gain in a particular direction during the propagation stage. The defined protocols for sector level and beam level training defined in the 802.15.3c draft are also modeled. The performance evaluation of this part is based on a multimedia distribution system