4 research outputs found
Efficient MIMO Transmission of PSK Signals With a Single-Radio Reconfigurable Antenna
Crucial developments to the recently introduced signal-space approach for
multiplexing multiple data symbols using a single-radio switched antenna are
presented. First, we introduce a general framework for expressing the spatial
multiplexing relation of the transmit signals only from the antenna scattering
parameters and the modulating reactive loading. This not only avoids tedious
far-field calculations, but more importantly provides an efficient and
practical strategy for spatially multiplexing PSK signals of any modulation
order. The proposed approach allows ensuring a constant impedance matching at
the input of the driving antenna for all symbol combinations, and as
importantly uses only passive reconfigurable loads. This obviates the use of
reconfigurable matching networks and active loads, respectively, thereby
overcoming stringent limitations of previous single-feed MIMO techniques in
terms of complexity, efficiency, and power consumption. The proposed approach
is illustrated by the design of a realistic very compact antenna system
optimized for multiplexing QPSK signals. The results show that the proposed
approach can bring the MIMO benefits to the low-end user terminals at a reduced
RF complexity.Comment: 30 pages, 6 figures. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 201
User Effects in Beam-Space MIMO
The performance and design of the novel single-RF-chain beam-space MIMO
antenna concept is evaluated for the first time in the presence of the user.
First, the variations of different performance parameters are evaluated when
placing a beam-space MIMO antenna in close proximity to the user body in
several typical operating scenarios. In addition to the typical degradation of
conventional antennas in terms of radiation efficiency and impedance matching,
it is observed that the user body corrupts the power balance and the
orthogonality of the beam-space MIMO basis. However, capacity analyses show
that throughput reduction mainly stems from the absorption in user body tissues
rather than from the power imbalance and the correlation of the basis. These
results confirm that the beam-space MIMO concept, so far only demonstrated in
the absence of external perturbation, still performs very well in typical human
body interaction scenarios.Comment: 4 pages, 7 figures, 2 table
Spatial Multiplexing of QPSK Signals with a Single Radio: Antenna Design and Over-the-Air Experiments
The paper describes the implementation and performance analysis of the first
fully-operational beam-space MIMO antenna for the spatial multiplexing of two
QPSK streams. The antenna is composed of a planar three-port radiator with two
varactor diodes terminating the passive ports. Pattern reconfiguration is used
to encode the MIMO information onto orthogonal virtual basis patterns in the
far-field. A measurement campaign was conducted to compare the performance of
the beam-space MIMO system with a conventional 2-by-?2 MIMO system under
realistic propagation conditions. Propagation measurements were conducted for
both systems and the mutual information and symbol error rates were estimated
from Monte-Carlo simulations over the measured channel matrices. The results
show the beam-space MIMO system and the conventional MIMO system exhibit
similar finite-constellation capacity and error performance in NLOS scenarios
when there is sufficient scattering in the channel. In comparison, in LOS
channels, the capacity performance is observed to depend on the relative
polarization of the receiving antennas.Comment: 31 pages, 23 figure
Reconfigurable Antennas for Beam-Space MIMO Transmission with a Single Radio
MIMO techniques allow remarkable improvements in the reliability and/or transmission rate of wireless communication systems. However, there are several major challenges towards the implementation of conventional MIMO concept in terminals with size, cost, and power constraints. Firstly, insufficient space impedes the design of efficient and decorrelated MIMO antennas. Second, MIMO traditionally demands each antenna to be fed by its own RF chain, which in turn results in greater hardware complexity, larger power consumption, and higher implementation cost. Among all reduced-complexity and antenna-decoupling schemes proposed so far, the so-called beam-space MIMO has attracted a great deal of interest as a potential solution for addressing both problems concurrently. The key idea therein is to engineer the radiation pattern of a single-feed antenna structure for each symbol period, such that multiple independent symbols directly modulate a predefined set of orthogonal virtual patterns in the far-field, therefore allowing true MIMO transmission using a single RF chain and a compact antenna structure. More important in practice, the transmitted information can be retrieved using a conventional MIMO receiver. However, the transformation of this idea into reality entails dealing with various practical aspects that are commonly overlooked in theoretical and conceptual developments. This dissertation explores the beam-space MIMO concept from the perspective of the antenna engineering, and aims at addressing several key issues associated with the actual design and implementation of beam-space MIMO systems. The early developments of beam-space MIMO concerned switched parasitic arrays. However, the requirement of utilizing several physically-separate radiators is inconvenient for practicable implementation in compact portable devices. To solve this problem, a single-radiator load-modulated antenna solution is proposed in this dissertation. Another primary challenge consists in emulating high-order modulation schemes such as PSK with realistic hardware. Here, an efficient beam-space MIMO strategy is developed, which allows transmitting PSK data streams of any modulation order using only purely reactive reconfigurable loads, and without the need for a symbol-rate dynamic matching network. The approach is illustrated by the design and fabrication of a realistic antenna for QPSK signaling. The performance of a beam-space MIMO system which utilizes the fabricated antenna is then investigated through over-the-air experiments, and compared with conventional MIMO in realistic environments. Embedding information in the radiation patterns, beam-space MIMO systems are expected to be inherently prone to multiplexing performance degradation in the presence of external field perturbation. This makes the study of near-field interaction influence on beam-space MIMO distinct from those carried out for the case of conventional systems. This issue is considered for the first time in this dissertation. Moreover, like any reconfigurable system, a beam-space MIMO system may suffer from bandwidth expansion of the transmitted signals. The final part of the work is directed towards this important issue. To reduce out-of-band radiation effect, a solution based on shaping the time-domain response of the reconfigurable components is presented. The studies presented in this thesis constitute a crucial step towards MIMO with simpler and cheaper hardware for real-life terminals