2 research outputs found
Simulation and Modeling for Improving Access to Care for Underserved Populations
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)This research, through partnership with seven Community Health Centers (CHCs)
in Indiana, constructed effective outpatient appointment scheduling systems by
determining care needs of CHC patients, designing an infrastructure for meaningful use of
patient health records and clinic operational data, and developing prediction and simulation
models for improving access to care for underserved populations. The aims of this study
are 1) redesigning appointment scheduling templates based on patient characteristics,
diagnoses, and clinic capacities in underserved populations; 2) utilizing predictive
modeling to improve understanding the complexity of appointment adherence in
underserved populations; and 3) developing simulation models with complex data to guide
operational decision-making in community health centers. This research addresses its aims
by applying a multi-method approach from different disciplines, such as statistics,
industrial engineering, computer science, health informatics, and social sciences. First, a
novel method was developed to use Electronic Health Record (EHR) data for better
understanding appointment needs of the target populations based on their characteristics
and reasons for seeking health, which helped simplify, improve, and redesign current
appointment type and duration models. Second, comprehensive and informative predictive
models were developed to better understand appointment non-adherence in community
health centers. Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes Classifier, and Artificial Neural Network
found factors contributing to patient no-show. Predictors of appointment non-adherence
might be used by outpatient clinics to design interventions reducing overall clinic no-show rates. Third, a simulation model was developed to assess and simulate scheduling systems
in CHCs, and necessary steps to extract information for simulation modeling of scheduling
systems in CHCs are described. Agent-Based Models were built in AnyLogic to test
different scenarios of scheduling methods, and to identify how these scenarios could impact
clinic access performance. This research potentially improves well-being of and care
quality and timeliness for uninsured, underinsured, and underserved patients, and it helps
clinics predict appointment no-shows and ensures scheduling systems are capable of
properly meeting the populations’ care needs.2021-12-2
A big data augmented analytics platform to operationalize efficiencies at community clinics
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Community Health Centers (CHCs) play a pivotal role in delivery of primary healthcare to
the underserved, yet have not benefited from a modern data analytics platform that can support
clinical, operational and financial decision making across the continuum of care. This research is
based on a systems redesign collaborative of seven CHC organizations spread across Indiana to
improve efficiency and access to care.
Three research questions (RQs) formed the basis of this research, each of which seeks to
address known knowledge gaps in the literature and identify areas for future research in health
informatics. The first RQ seeks to understand the information needs to support operations at
CHCs and implement an information architecture to support those needs. The second RQ
leverages the implemented data infrastructure to evaluate how advanced analytics can guide
open access scheduling – a specific use case of this research. Finally, the third RQ seeks to
understand how the data can be visualized to support decision making among varying roles in
CHCs.
Based on the unique work and information flow needs uncovered at these CHCs, an end
to-end analytics solution was designed, developed and validated within the framework of a rapid
learning health system. The solution comprised of a novel heterogeneous longitudinal clinic data
warehouse augmented with big data technologies and dashboard visualizations to inform CHCs
regarding operational priorities and to support engagement in the systems redesign initiative.
Application of predictive analytics on the health center data guided the implementation of open
access scheduling and up to a 15% reduction in the missed appointment rates. Performance
measures of importance to specific job profiles within the CHCs were uncovered. This was
followed by a user-centered design of an online interactive dashboard to support rapid
assessments of care delivery. The impact of the dashboard was assessed over time and formally
validated through a usability study involving cognitive task analysis and a system usability scale
questionnaire. Wider scale implementation of the data aggregation and analytics platform through
regional health information networks could better support a range of health system redesign
initiatives in order to address the national ‘triple aim’ of healthcare