Análise de tipos de ontologias nas áreas de ciência da informação e ciência da computação

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Informação, Florianópolis, 2014.A emergência de tecnologias que visam complementar a web, associada às problemáticas na busca por novos modelos de recuperação de informação mais eficientes, abriram espaço para estudos que utilizam os benefícios da organização semântica da informação e do conhecimento. Sistemas de Organização do Conhecimento (SOCs) permitem representar um domínio por meio da sistematização dos conceitos e das relações semânticas que se estabelecem entre eles. Entre os tipos desses sistemas conceituais estão as ontologias, utilizadas para representar o conhecimento relativo a um dado domínio do conhecimento. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo, por meio de uma pesquisa documental, identificar as principais características dos tipos de ontologias. Para tanto, foi empregado, nos procedimentos metodológicos, o método de Análise de Conteúdo de Laurence Bardin. Para a construção do corpus de análise foram utilizadas as bases de dados da Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA) e da Computer and Information Systems Abstracts. A análise dos resultados permitiu identificar um predomínio significativo nas pesquisas relacionadas às ontologias de domínio, utilizando-a como ferramenta para representação de conceitos e relações que estejam inseridas na visão de mundo desejada. Diferentemente, as ontologias de topo definem os conceitos mais básicos e que sejam extensíveis a outras ações e domínios associados a sua área de abordagem. Os tipos aplicação e tarefa permitem um nível de representação mais específico, alinhado a modelagem de ambientes particulares.Abstract : The emergence of technologies that aim at complementing the internet, associated with the problematics that arise in the search for new models of information retrieval that are more efficient, have made room for studies that make use of the benefits of the semantic organization of information and knowledge. Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) allow the representation of a domain through the systematization of concepts and semantic relations that have been stablished between them. Among these forms of conceptual systems are the ontologies, utilized in the representation of knowledge relative to a given knowledge domain. The goal of this research, therefore, is to identify the main characteristics of the types of ontologies through documentary research. For that, we have employed in the methodological procedures the Laurence Bardin Content Analysis Method. As for the corpus analysis construction we made use of the databases of the Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA) and Computer and Information Systems Abstracts. The analysis of the results allowed the identification of a significant predominance of researches related to domain ontologies, they were used as tools for the representation of concepts and relations that are inserted in the desired world view. In contrast, top level ontologies define the most basic concepts that are extendable to other actions and domains associated to its approach area. The application and task types allow a representation that is more specific and alligned with the modeling of particular environments

Vers l’élaboration d’un système d’organisation des connaissances en allergologie : l’analyse des documents et des pratiques informationnelles des acteurs

The aim of the present thesis, funded by the Occitanie Region (2019-2023), is to construct a knowledge organization system (KOS) for the Allergy Unit of the Montpellier University Hospital (France), to represent and organize the complexity of allergy knowledge. Currently, there is no KOS that might be used by allergy professionals and researchers for their information processing and seeking activities. Allergy knowledge, produced by different actors, is abundant and heterogeneous, and keeps developing in parallel with the massification of health data. To allow and provide access to this knowledge, it is crucial to identify and characterize it, first by focusing on what might be useful for professionals’ daily activities and then by structuring it in a system of organization and documentary representation possibly linking the different ways of representing knowledge by different actors in this domain. Therefore, we propose a KOS in allergy, reached through a contextualized approach that relies, on one hand, on the analysis of the context of use of specialized knowledge, by the study of the informational practices of professionals who seek, produce, and mobilize knowledge in the domain; and on the other hand, on the analysis of a corpus of documents that professionals use in their daily activities. Through our work, we perform an epistemological reflection within the Information & Communication Sciences, by showing how the analysis of informational practices contributes to the construction of a KOS for a medical domain. Moreover, we try to answer a methodological question, linked with the development of a KOS in allergy, and evaluate if our conception method, oriented by a contextualized approach, allows to propose a useful KOS for the practices of the actors in this domain