بررسی کیفیت خواب پرستاران نوبت کار بیمارستان‌های شهر رفسنجان در سال 1397 و عوامل مرتبط با آن

مقدمه: شغل پرستاری در آمیخته با وضعیت نوبت‌کاری در ساعات مختلف شبانه‌روز می‌باشد، بروز اختلالات خواب ناشی از به هم خوردن چرخه خواب‌وبیداری و سیکل سیرکادین منجر به از هم گسیختگی بنیاد جسمی و روانی فرد می‌شود. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی کیفیت خواب پرستاران نوبت‌کار بیمارستان‌های شهر رفسنجان انجام شد. روش‌ها: این مطالعه مقطعی، توصیفی- تحلیلی بر روی 180 پرستار نوبت‌کار بیمارستان‌های آموزشی شهر رفسنجان در فروردین و اردیبهشت سال 1397 انجام شد. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه کیفیت خواب پیترزبورگ استفاده شد. تجزیه‌و‌تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون‌های تی تست، کای مربع‌، تست دقیق فیشر توسط نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 18 انجام شد. نتا‌یج: کیفیت خواب 56 (‌10/31 درصد) پرستار نوبت کار مطلوب و 124 نفر (90/68 درصد) آن‌ها نامطلوب بود. از لحاظ آماری ارتباط معنی‌داری بین کیفیت خواب پرستاران و رضایت شغلی وجود داشت (036/0=P). به صورتی که افراد با رضایت شغلی دارای کیفیت خواب مطلوبی بودند. در ابعاد کیفیت خواب بیشترین مشکل پرستاران در بعد تأخیر در به خواب رفتن بود. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های این مطالعه نشان داد که کیفیت خواب پرستاران نوبت‌کار بیمارستان‌های شهر رفسنجان مطلوب نمی‌باشد که این امر احتمالاً بر رضایت شغلی و سلامت روانی و عمومی آن‌ها اثرگذار می‌باشد و می‌تواند در عملکرد حرفه‌ای، کیفیت خدمات پرستاری ارائه شده و همچنین زندگی شخصی و ایفای سایر نقش‌های آنان، اختلال جدی ایجاد نماید

Sleep Quality among Shift-working Nurses in the Hospitals of Rafsanjan City, Iran, in 2018

Background: Nursing deals with shift working in different hours of the day and night. Sleep disorders due to disturbed sleep-wake cycle and the circadian cycle lead to physical and mental disintegration of the person. This study was conducted to examine the sleep quality of shift-working nurses in the hospitals of Rafsanjan. Methods: This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on 180 shift-working nurses in educational hospitals of Rafsanjan during April and May 2018. In order to collect data, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire was used. Data analysis was done using t-test، Chi-Square، Fisher Exact test and through SPSS 18. Results: The sleep quality of 56 shift-working nurses (31.10%) was optimal, while 124 nurses (68.90%) had inappropriate sleep quality. There was a statistically significant relationship between sleep quality and job satisfaction among nurses (P=0.036), so that, nurses who had job satisfaction had also optimal sleep quality. In terms of sleep quality dimensions, delayed sleep was the most prominent problem of nurses. Conclusion: Research findings showed improper sleep quality of shift-working nurses in hospitals of Rafsanjan, which probably affects their job satisfaction, as well as their mental and general health. This can cause serious disorders in professional performance, quality of nursing services, personal life and other roles

The Largest Unethical Medical Experiment in Human History

This monograph describes the largest unethical medical experiment in human history: the implementation and operation of non-ionizing non-visible EMF radiation (hereafter called wireless radiation) infrastructure for communications, surveillance, weaponry, and other applications. It is unethical because it violates the key ethical medical experiment requirement for “informed consent” by the overwhelming majority of the participants. The monograph provides background on unethical medical research/experimentation, and frames the implementation of wireless radiation within that context. The monograph then identifies a wide spectrum of adverse effects of wireless radiation as reported in the premier biomedical literature for over seven decades. Even though many of these reported adverse effects are extremely severe, the true extent of their severity has been grossly underestimated. Most of the reported laboratory experiments that produced these effects are not reflective of the real-life environment in which wireless radiation operates. Many experiments do not include pulsing and modulation of the carrier signal, and most do not account for synergistic effects of other toxic stimuli acting in concert with the wireless radiation. These two additions greatly exacerbate the severity of the adverse effects from wireless radiation, and their neglect in current (and past) experimentation results in substantial under-estimation of the breadth and severity of adverse effects to be expected in a real-life situation. This lack of credible safety testing, combined with depriving the public of the opportunity to provide informed consent, contextualizes the wireless radiation infrastructure operation as an unethical medical experiment

Effect of Melatonin and Vitamin E on EEG, Sleep Quality and Quality of Life of Shift-Working Nurses in Arak Hospitals

Abstract Background: Melatonin regulates the sleep-wake cycle and is protected against oxidants. Vitamin E has antioxidant effect. The aim of this study was to investigate effect of melatonin and/or vitamin E on the EEG, sleep quality and quality of life of female nurses working in hospitals in Arak. Materials and Methods: 60 female nurses were randomly selected from hospitals in the Arak city. Participants divided into three groups (melatonin3 mg/day, vitamin E 200 IU/day and melatonin and vitamin E groups) and a control group. Before and two months after the baseline, PSQTI and the quality of life of 26 questions questionnaire were completed and EEG was recorded. Finally, the findings for both groups before and after the intervention were compared with each other. Results: The average of sleep quality showed an improvement in groups receiving melatonin and melatonin+vitamin E (p>0.05). While data of life quality did not show any significant change between groups. In EEG activity, α waves in the range of 8-10 Hz showed maximum increase in melatonin group and minimum increase in vitamin E group. Also, α wave in the range of 10-12 Hz revealed the most decrease in the melatonin group. Conclusion: It seems simultaneous administration of melatonin and vitamin E is able to improve sleep quality. In addition, melatonin could improve alpha-waves of brain activity

[¹⁸F]fluorination of biorelevant arylboronic acid pinacol ester scaffolds synthesized by convergence techniques

Aim: The development of small molecules through convergent multicomponent reactions (MCR) has been boosted during the last decade due to the ability to synthesize, virtually without any side-products, numerous small drug-like molecules with several degrees of structural diversity.(1) The association of positron emission tomography (PET) labeling techniques in line with the “one-pot” development of biologically active compounds has the potential to become relevant not only for the evaluation and characterization of those MCR products through molecular imaging, but also to increase the library of radiotracers available. Therefore, since the [18F]fluorination of arylboronic acid pinacol ester derivatives tolerates electron-poor and electro-rich arenes and various functional groups,(2) the main goal of this research work was to achieve the 18F-radiolabeling of several different molecules synthesized through MCR. Materials and Methods: [18F]Fluorination of boronic acid pinacol esters was first extensively optimized using a benzaldehyde derivative in relation to the ideal amount of Cu(II) catalyst and precursor to be used, as well as the reaction solvent. Radiochemical conversion (RCC) yields were assessed by TLC-SG. The optimized radiolabeling conditions were subsequently applied to several structurally different MCR scaffolds comprising biologically relevant pharmacophores (e.g. β-lactam, morpholine, tetrazole, oxazole) that were synthesized to specifically contain a boronic acid pinacol ester group. Results: Radiolabeling with fluorine-18 was achieved with volumes (800 μl) and activities (≤ 2 GBq) compatible with most radiochemistry techniques and modules. In summary, an increase in the quantities of precursor or Cu(II) catalyst lead to higher conversion yields. An optimal amount of precursor (0.06 mmol) and Cu(OTf)2(py)4 (0.04 mmol) was defined for further reactions, with DMA being a preferential solvent over DMF. RCC yields from 15% to 76%, depending on the scaffold, were reproducibly achieved. Interestingly, it was noticed that the structure of the scaffolds, beyond the arylboronic acid, exerts some influence in the final RCC, with electron-withdrawing groups in the para position apparently enhancing the radiolabeling yield. Conclusion: The developed method with high RCC and reproducibility has the potential to be applied in line with MCR and also has a possibility to be incorporated in a later stage of this convergent “one-pot” synthesis strategy. Further studies are currently ongoing to apply this radiolabeling concept to fluorine-containing approved drugs whose boronic acid pinacol ester precursors can be synthesized through MCR (e.g. atorvastatin)