A semantics based interactive query formulation technique

We present an interactive query formulation technique which enables exploitation not only of structural properties of data but also of semantic constraints as posed by the contents of data. The technique aims at the formulation of a semantically consistent or meaningful query by the end-user without any previous knowledge of syntax formalisms and data model semantics. This has been achieved by end-user guidance in that an inference engine suggests semantically rich query terms for further consideration by the end-user. The set of suggested terms at each interaction stage comply with the already considered query terms with respect to structure and contents based semantics. Assignment or selection of operational terms are also allowed, if operational semantics comply with the semantics of data. The interactive query formulation component has been implemented in Java and runs on the client side of a client/server based query answering system architecture

Cell Culture

Cell culture is cell cloning technology that simulates in vivo environment conditions such as asepsis, appropriate temperature, and pH as well as certain nutritional conditions to enable cells to survive, grow, reproduce, and maintain their structure and function. Cell culture can be used to grow human, animal, plant, and microbial cells. Each type of cell culture has its own characteristics and essential conditions. This book focuses on the advanced technology and applications of cell culture in the research and practice of medical and life sciences. Chapters address such topics as primary cancer cell cultures, 2D and 3D cell cultures, stem cells, nanotechnology, and more