redicting dynamic specifications of ADCs with a low-quality digital input signal

A new method is presented to test dynamic parameters of Analogue-to-Digital Converters (ADC). A noisy and nonlinear pulse is applied as the test stimulus, which is suitable for a multi-site test environment. The dynamic parameters are predicted using a machine-learning-based approach. A training step is required in order to build the mapping function using alternate signatures and the conventional test parameters, all measured on a set of converters. As a result, for industrial testing, only a simple signature-based test is performed on the Devices-Under-Test (DUTs). The signature measurements are provided to the mapping function that is used to predict the conventional dynamic parameters. The method is validated by simulation on a 12-bit 80 Ms/s pipelined ADC with a pulse wave input signal of 3 LSB noise and 7-bit nonlinear rising and falling edges. The final results show that the estimated mean error is less than 4% of the full range of the dynamic specifications

ON MODELING SYSTEMS OF CROP ACREAGE DEMANDS

This article presents an alternative approach to the specification of systems of crop acreage responses. Derived demands for acreages of individual crops are specified as conditional on total crop acreage, and related separability and dynamic specifications help to reduce the effects of multicollinearity in the system. A simple econometric model of crop acreage demands for Western Canada illustrates the methodology.Crop Production/Industries,

Public bus transport demand elasticities in India

A number of static and dynamic specifications of a log linear demand function for public transport are estimated using aggregate panel data for 22 Indian states over the period 1990 to 2001. Demand has been defined as total passenger kilometers to capture actual market transactions, while the regressors include public transit fare, per capita income, service quality, and other demographic and social variables. In all cases, transit demand is significant and inelastic to the fare. Service quality is the most significant policy variable. Finally, social and demographic variables highlight the complex nature of public bus transit demand in India.Demand Elasticities, Dynamic Panel Data, Bus Transport, India

Forward with Active Clamp for space applications: clamp capacitor, dynamic specifications and EMI filter impact on the power stage design

The impact of the clamp capacitor design, the dynamic specifications and the EMI filter design on the power stage design of a 28V 50W Forward with Active Clamp converter for space applications is analyzed along this paper. Clamp capacitor is designed by considering the ECSS standards limitations for the semiconductors and saturation of the magnetic components, and considering the influence of the resonance between this capacitance and the magnetizing inductance on the input impedance of the converter. Dynamic specifications influence are analyzed. Additionally, the EMI filter design process is described. Singlestage and Multi-stage approaches are proposed. All these features make an increase of 2:4W losses and 1:6 higher area of the converter, compared with a preliminary design of the power stage, before considering these aspects

The test ability of an adaptive pulse wave for ADC testing

In the conventional ADC production test method, a high-quality analogue sine wave is applied to the Analogue-to-Digital Converter (ADC), which is expensive to generate. Nowadays, an increasing number of ADCs are integrated into a system-on-chip (SoC) platform design, which usually contains a digital embedded processor. In such a platform, a digital pulse wave is obviously less expensive to generate than an accurate analogue sine wave. As a result, the usage of a digital pulse wave has been investigated to test ADCs as the test stimulus. In this paper, the ability of a digital adaptive pulse wave for ADC testing is presented via the measurement results. Instead of the conventional FFT analysis, a time-domain analysis is exploited for post-processing, from which a signature result can be obtained. This signature can distinguish between faulty devices and the fault-free devices. It is also used in the machine-learning-based test method to predict the dynamic specifications of the ADC. The experimental results of a 12-bit 80 M/s pipelined ADC are shown to evaluate the sensitivity and accuracy of using a pulse wave to test an ADC

Test for Breaks in the Conditional Co-Movements of Asset Returns

We propose procedures designed to uncover structural breaks in the co-movements of financial markets. A reduced form approach is introduced that can be considered as a two stage method for reducing dimensionality of multivariate heteroskedastic conditional volatility models through marginalization. The main advantage is that one can use returns normalized by volatility filters that are purely data-driven and construct general conditional covariance dynamic specifications. The main thrust of our procedure is to examine change-points in the co-movements of normalized returns. We document, using a ten year period of two representative high frequency FX series, that regression models with non-Gaussian errors describe adequately their co-movements. Change-points are detected in the conditional covariance of the DM/US$and YN/US$ normalized returns over the decade 1986-1996.change-point tests, conditional covariance, high-frequency financial data, multivariate GARCH models

A MIXED BENTHAM-RAWLS CRITERION FOR INTERGENERATIONAL EQUITY: THEORY AND IMPLICATIONS

Ranking development programs using integrals of discounted utilities can yield drastic consequences that offend our sense of justice. New alternative social welfare criteria should be considered. A reaction to discounted utilitarianism is to moderate its effects by adding to the social welfare function a second term that takes seriously the welfare of the generations that live in the far distant future. Chichilnisky proposes a social welfare function that has two desirable properties: (i) non-dictatorship of the present, and (ii) non-dictatorship of the future. However, in many economic models, there exists no optimal path under the Chichilnisky criterion. We introduce a third desideratum: "non-dictatorship of the least advantaged," and propose a new welfare criterion that is morally compelling. It is a weighted average of two terms: (a) the sum of discounted utilities, and (b) the utility level of the least advantaged generation. We derive necessary conditions to characterize growth paths that satisfy our criterion, and show that in some models with familiar dynamic specifications, an optimal path exists and displays appealing characteristics.