1,244,081 research outputs found
A Three-Level Process Framework for Contract-Based Dynamic Service Outsourcing
Service outsourcing is the business paradigm, in which an organization has part of its business process performed by a service provider. In dynamic markets, service providers are selected on the fly during process enactment. The cooperation between the parties is\ud
specified in a dynamically made electronic contract. This contract includes a process specification that is tailored towards service matchmaking and crossorganizational process enactment and hence has to conform to specific market and specification standards. Process enactment, however, relies on intraorganizational process specifications that have to comply with the infrastructure available in an organization. In this position paper, we present a three-level process specification framework for dynamic contract-based\ud
service outsourcing. This framework relates the two process specification levels through a third, conceptual level. This approached is inspired by the well-known ANSI-SPARC model for data management. We show how the framework can be placed in the context of infrastructures for cross-organizational process support
The Market Process and The Firm Toward a Dynamic Property Rights Perspective
We discuss the relations between alternative conceptualizations of the market process - neoclassical, Austrian and radical subjectivist/evolutionary - and alternative approaches to economic organization, for example, nexus of contract theory, Williamsonian transaction cost economics and the dynamic transaction cost approach of Langlois and Robertson. We argue that there is a distinct need for more firmly grounding theories of economic organization in theories of the market process, and that key ideas of the more dynamic conceptualizations of the market are likely to substantially enrichen the theory of economic organization.The market process, the theory of the firm
CULTURE EFFECTS ON FORMAL PROCESS OF STRATEGIC PLANNING AND ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
The purpose of this essay is to describe how structure of the organization and its culture will affect the formal process of strategic planning and analysis. The link among them is presented through two extreme mind frames, ‘palace’ and ‘tent’, that serve as a background for discussing the different approach of strategic process and the culture behind it when facing the changing environment. This essay also includes a discussion about the important role of
belief structure and the political perspective of the organization as a guide in the decision making of the organization about its relationship with environment and its strategy. However, it is necessary to constantly challenge and question the basic assumption of the organization to be able to survive in the dynamic environment ahead
Communicating UAF's Return on Investment in the Computational Sciences
Using graphic design and statistics to analyze and present complex fiscal information in an easily understood format, my research focuses on
mastering the dynamic process of communicating scientifi c information. Required for this process is the ability to evaluate the specifi c needs of an organization, to gather requirements, criteria and constraints of the information to be communicated, and to develop expertise using the
Excel, Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator, and InDesign software applications. This poster will demonstrate the application of this process using various techniques to visually demonstrate fi scal information to inform and educate University Leadership about resource use at the Arctic Region
Supercomputing Center for the 2011 fiscal year
A Task-Based Approach to Organization: Knowledge, Communication and Structure
We bridge a gap between organizational economics and strategy research by developing a task-based approach to analyze organizational knowledge, process and structure, and deriving testable implications for the relation between production and organizational structure. We argue that organization emerges to integrate disperse knowledge and to coordinate talent in production and is designed to complement the limitations of human ability. The complexity of the tasks undertaken determines the optimal level of knowledge acquisition and talent. The relations between tasks, namely, complementarities or substitutabilities and synergies, determine the allocation of knowledge among members of the organization. Communication shapes the relation between individual talent, and governs the organizational process and structure that integrates disperse knowledge to perform tasks more efficiently. Organization structure can also be deliberately designed ex ante to correct bias of individual judgement, the extent to which is dependent on the attributes of tasks. Organization process and the routinized organizational structure are the core of organizational capital, which generates rent and sustains organizational growth. This task-based approach enriches the existing body of organization studies, in particular the knowledge-based theory of the firm and the dynamic capabilities theory.task-based approach, complementarities, tacit knowledge, codifiable knowledge, code,vertical communication, horizontal communication, organizational architecture, decision bias
Lumpy species coexistence arises robustly in fluctuating resource environments
The effect of life-history traits on resource competition outcomes is well understood in the context of a constant resource supply. However, almost all natural systems are subject to fluctuations of resources driven by cyclical processes such as seasonality and tidal hydrology. To understand community composition, it is therefore imperative to study the impact of resource fluctuations on interspecies competition. We adapted a well-established resource-competition model to show that fluctuations in inflow concentrations of two limiting resources lead to the survival of species in clumps along the trait axis, consistent with observations of “lumpy coexistence” [Scheffer M, van Nes EH (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:6230–6235]. A complex dynamic pattern in the available ambient resources arose very early in the self-organization process and dictated the locations of clumps along the trait axis by creating niches that promoted the growth of species with specific traits. This dynamic pattern emerged as the combined result of fluctuations in the inflow of resources and their consumption by the most competitive species that accumulated the bulk of biomass early in assemblage organization. Clumps emerged robustly across a range of periodicities, phase differences, and amplitudes. Given the ubiquity in the real world of asynchronous fluctuations of limiting resources, our findings imply that assemblage organization in clumps should be a common feature in nature
Critical packing in granular shear bands
In a realistic three-dimensional setup, we simulate the slow deformation of
idealized granular media composed of spheres undergoing an axisymmetric
triaxial shear test. We follow the self-organization of the spontaneous strain
localization process leading to a shear band and demonstrate the existence of a
critical packing density inside this failure zone. The asymptotic criticality
arising from the dynamic equilibrium of dilation and compaction is found to be
restricted to the shear band, while the density outside of it keeps the memory
of the initial packing. The critical density of the shear band depends on
friction (and grain geometry) and in the limit of infinite friction it defines
a specific packing state, namely the \emph{dynamic random loose packing}
Dynamic Organizations: Achieving Marketplace and Organizational Agility with People
Driven by dynamic competitive conditions, an increasing number of firms are experimenting with new, and what they hope will be, more dynamic organizational forms. This development has opened up exciting theoretical and empirical venues for students of leadership, business strategy, organizational theory, and the like. One domain that has yet to catch the wave, however, is strategic human resource management (SHRM). In an effort to catch up, we here draw on the dynamic organization (DO) and human resource strategy (HRS) literatures to delineate both a process for uncovering and the key features of a carefully crafted HRS for DOs. The logic is as follows. DOs compete through marketplace agility. Marketplace agility requires that employees at all levels engage in proactive, adaptive, and generative behaviors, bolstered by a supportive mindset. Under the right conditions, the essential mindset and behaviors, although highly dynamic, are fostered by a HRS centered on a relatively small number of dialectical, yet paradoxically stable, guiding principles and anchored in a supportive organizational infrastructure. This line of reasoning, however, rests on a rather modest empirical base and, thus, is offered less as a definitive statement than as a spur for much needed additional research
Dynamic Decomposition of Spatiotemporal Neural Signals
Neural signals are characterized by rich temporal and spatiotemporal dynamics
that reflect the organization of cortical networks. Theoretical research has
shown how neural networks can operate at different dynamic ranges that
correspond to specific types of information processing. Here we present a data
analysis framework that uses a linearized model of these dynamic states in
order to decompose the measured neural signal into a series of components that
capture both rhythmic and non-rhythmic neural activity. The method is based on
stochastic differential equations and Gaussian process regression. Through
computer simulations and analysis of magnetoencephalographic data, we
demonstrate the efficacy of the method in identifying meaningful modulations of
oscillatory signals corrupted by structured temporal and spatiotemporal noise.
These results suggest that the method is particularly suitable for the analysis
and interpretation of complex temporal and spatiotemporal neural signals
A nonstationary nonparametric Bayesian approach to dynamically modeling effective connectivity in functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments
Effective connectivity analysis provides an understanding of the functional
organization of the brain by studying how activated regions influence one
other. We propose a nonparametric Bayesian approach to model effective
connectivity assuming a dynamic nonstationary neuronal system. Our approach
uses the Dirichlet process to specify an appropriate (most plausible according
to our prior beliefs) dynamic model as the "expectation" of a set of plausible
models upon which we assign a probability distribution. This addresses model
uncertainty associated with dynamic effective connectivity. We derive a Gibbs
sampling approach to sample from the joint (and marginal) posterior
distributions of the unknowns. Results on simulation experiments demonstrate
our model to be flexible and a better candidate in many situations. We also
used our approach to analyzing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
data on a Stroop task: our analysis provided new insight into the mechanism by
which an individual brain distinguishes and learns about shapes of objects.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOAS470 the Annals of
Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
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