1,147 research outputs found
Distributed opportunistic sensing and fusion for traffic congestion detection
Our particular research in the Distributed Analytics
and Information Science International Technology Alliance
(DAIS ITA) is focused on ”Anticipatory Situational Understanding
for Coalitions”.
This paper takes the concrete example of detecting and
predicting traffic congestion in the UK road transport network
from existing generic sensing sources, such as real-time CCTV
imagery and video, which are publicly available for this purpose.
This scenario has been chosen carefully as we believe that in
a typical city, all data relevant to transport network congestion
information is not generally available from a single unified source,
and that different organizations in the city (e.g. the weather office,
the police force, the general public, etc.) have their own different
sensors which can provide information potentially relevant to
the traffic congestion problem. In this paper we are looking at
the problem of (a) identifying congestion using cameras that,
for example, the police department may have access to, and (b)
fusing that with other data from other agencies in order to (c)
augment any base data provided by the official transportation
department feeds. By taking this coalition approach this requires
using standard cameras to do different supplementary tasks like
car counting, and in this paper we examine how well those tasks
can be done with RNN/CNN, and other distributed machine
learning processes.
In this paper we provide details of an initial four-layer
architecture and potential tooling to enable rapid formation of
human/machine hybrid teams in this setting, with a focus on
opportunistic and distributed processing of the data at the edge
of the network. In future work we plan to integrate additional
data-sources to further augment the core imagery data
Markov Decision Processes with Applications in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of autonomous and resource-limited
devices. The devices cooperate to monitor one or more physical phenomena within
an area of interest. WSNs operate as stochastic systems because of randomness
in the monitored environments. For long service time and low maintenance cost,
WSNs require adaptive and robust methods to address data exchange, topology
formulation, resource and power optimization, sensing coverage and object
detection, and security challenges. In these problems, sensor nodes are to make
optimized decisions from a set of accessible strategies to achieve design
goals. This survey reviews numerous applications of the Markov decision process
(MDP) framework, a powerful decision-making tool to develop adaptive algorithms
and protocols for WSNs. Furthermore, various solution methods are discussed and
compared to serve as a guide for using MDPs in WSNs
An objective based classification of aggregation techniques for wireless sensor networks
Wireless Sensor Networks have gained immense popularity in recent years due to their ever increasing capabilities and wide range of critical applications. A huge body of research efforts has been dedicated to find ways to utilize limited resources of these sensor nodes in an efficient manner. One of the common ways to minimize energy consumption has been aggregation of input data. We note that every aggregation technique has an improvement objective to achieve with respect to the output it produces. Each technique is designed to achieve some target e.g. reduce data size, minimize transmission energy, enhance accuracy etc. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of aggregation techniques that can be used in distributed manner to improve lifetime and energy conservation of wireless sensor networks. Main contribution of this work is proposal of a novel classification of such techniques based on the type of improvement they offer when applied to WSNs. Due to the existence of a myriad of definitions of aggregation, we first review the meaning of term aggregation that can be applied to WSN. The concept is then associated with the proposed classes. Each class of techniques is divided into a number of subclasses and a brief literature review of related work in WSN for each of these is also presented
On the Feasibility of Social Network-based Pollution Sensing in ITSs
Intense vehicular traffic is recognized as a global societal problem, with a
multifaceted influence on the quality of life of a person. Intelligent
Transportation Systems (ITS) can play an important role in combating such
problem, decreasing pollution levels and, consequently, their negative effects.
One of the goals of ITSs, in fact, is that of controlling traffic flows,
measuring traffic states, providing vehicles with routes that globally pursue
low pollution conditions. How such systems measure and enforce given traffic
states has been at the center of multiple research efforts in the past few
years. Although many different solutions have been proposed, very limited
effort has been devoted to exploring the potential of social network analysis
in such context. Social networks, in general, provide direct feedback from
people and, as such, potentially very valuable information. A post that tells,
for example, how a person feels about pollution at a given time in a given
location, could be put to good use by an environment aware ITS aiming at
minimizing contaminant emissions in residential areas. This work verifies the
feasibility of using pollution related social network feeds into ITS
operations. In particular, it concentrates on understanding how reliable such
information is, producing an analysis that confronts over 1,500,000 posts and
pollution data obtained from on-the- field sensors over a one-year span.Comment: 10 pages, 15 figures, Transaction Forma
Recommended from our members
Cognitive MAC protocols for mobile Ad-Hoc networks
This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.The term of Cognitive Radio (CR) used to indicate that spectrum radio could be accessed dynamically and opportunistically by unlicensed users. In CR Networks, Interference between nodes, hidden terminal problem, and spectrum sensing errors are big issues to be widely discussed in the research field nowadays. To improve the performance of such kind of networks, this thesis proposes Cognitive Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs). From the concept of CR, this thesis has been able to develop a cognitive MAC framework in which a cognitive process consisting of cognitive elements is considered, which can make efficient decisions to optimise the CR network. In this context, three different scenarios to maximize the secondary user's throughput have been proposed. We found that the throughput improvement depends on the transition probabilities. However, considering the past information state of the spectrum can dramatically increases the secondary user's throughput by up to 40%. Moreover, by increasing the number of channels, the throughput of the network can be improved about 25%. Furthermore, to study the impact of Physical (PHY) Layer errors on cognitive MAC layer in MANETs, in this thesis, a Sensing Error-Aware MAC protocols for MANETs has been proposed. The developed model has been able to improve the MAC layer performance under the challenge of sensing errors. In this context, the proposed model examined two sensing error probabilities: the false alarm probability and the missed detection probability. The simulation results have shown that both probabilities could be adapted to maintain the false alarm probability at certain values to achieve good results. Finally, in this thesis, a cooperative sensing scheme with interference mitigation for Cognitive Wireless Mesh Networks (CogMesh) has been proposed. Moreover, a prioritybased traffic scenario to analyze the problem of packet delay and a novel technique for dynamic channel allocation in CogMesh is presented. Considering each channel in the system as a sub-server, the average delay of the users' packets is reduced and the cooperative sensing scenario dramatically increases the network throughput 50% more as the number of arrival rate is increased
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