Disseminated Saprochaete capitata in a patient with Diabetes mellitus and HCV Hepatitis; A Case Report

Saprochaete capitata yeast rarely causes human infections; nonetheless the vast majority of infections were reported in patients with hematological malignancy. Here, we report one of the unusually rare presentations of disseminated Saprochaete capitata in a patient without hematological malignancy, but the patient had a prolonged history of chronic active hepatitis C, diabetes mellitus, prolonged ICU stay on mechanical ventilation, and exposure to several antimicrobials. The currently isolated Saprochaete capitata showed resistance to Amphotericin B, triazoles and ecchinocandins, but susceptible to 5-fluocytocine with MIC ≤1 mg/dl

Saprochaete Capitata Infection in an 80–Year Old Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patient: A Case Report

BACKGROUND: The fungal disease caused by invasive fungus Saprochaete capitata is becoming an increasingly popular infection. Fungal pathogens mainly occur in patients with immunocompromised disorders such as hematologic malignancies, acute myeloid leukemia, transplant patients. CASE REPORT: In this study, we presented a COPD patient infected with S. capitata. At the first check, the patient showed cough, dyspnea, chest pain on both sides. The clinical laboratory test result was characterized with high White blood cell (12.8 G/L), HIV negative. The X ray showed bronchitis and emphysema. Bronchoscopy illustrated bronchial mucositis. CT scanner demonstrated pneumonia with fuzzy nodular lesions and thick interstitial organization in both lungs. The patient was treated with ciprofloxacin 800 mg/day; cefuroxime 2250 mmg/day. However, the fever appeared 2 weeks thereafter. The S. capitata was discovered in the bronchial fluid. The patient was then treated with fluconazole 400 mg/day for 14 days. At the end of treatment, all signs and symptoms of S. capitata infection disappeared and the patient recovered. CONCLUSION: This case study showed that S. capitata infection can occur in the COPD patients and fluconazole is a pertinent drug for treatment of the infection

Invasive fungal disease presenting as septic shock in immunocompromised pediatric and adult patients: summary of reported cases

Introduction: Septic shock is a very rare presentation of invasive fungal disease (IFD) in immunocompromised patients. The objective of this paper was to summarize reported cases of pediatric and adult patients with IFD presenting as septic shock in non-Candida infections. Literature data describing etiology, age, and outcome of septic shock as a presentation of IFD, is summarized. Material and methods: The available pediatric data included 23 patients, most of them with underlying non-hematological disease. Results: Only 6/23 (26.1%) were reported to survive this infection. Respective data in adults with invasive fungal disease presenting as septic shock were reported in 28 patients. Most of these patients were treated for acute leukemias (including three patients after hematopoietic cell transplantation); only 5/28 (17.9%) survived the infection. Conclusion: Invasive fungal disease presenting as septic shock in immunocompromised patients is a highly unusual presentation

Case report: A Saprochaete clavata (Magnusiomyces clavatus) severe infection effectively treated with granulocyte transfusion in a young patient with myeloid sarcoma

Myeloid sarcoma is a hematologic malignancy consisting of extramedullary tissue involvement by myeloid blasts, usually considered as acute myeloid leukemia and treated accordingly. The disease itself, together with chemotherapy and disease-associated factors, may have an impact in increasing the risk of developing severe and frequently life-threatening infections. Herein, we describe the case of a patient with a right breast skin lesion, histologically diagnosed myeloid sarcoma, who developed a severe disseminated fungal infection by Saprochaete clavata (Magnusiomyces clavatus), during the first consolidation course of chemotherapy. Despite maximum antifungal therapy, the infection progressed and the fungus continued to be isolated until granulocyte transfusion therapy was initiated. Our experience suggests that patients with profound and long-lasting neutropenia could benefit from granulocyte transfusions as additional therapy in severe fungal infections resistant to broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy

Infecções invasivas e disseminadas por Saprochaete capitata: revisão narrativa da literatura

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Farmácia.Este estudo reuniu relatos de infecções invasivas e disseminadas por Saprochaete capitata / Magnusiomyces capitatus, uma micose oportunista rara que pode atingir sangue, pulmões, cavidades serosas, pele e, ocasionalmente, o sistema nervoso central. Realizou-se uma revisão narrativa de 25 relatos de casos publicados na última década para caracterizar métodos diagnósticos, abordagens terapêuticas e desfechos clínicos. A maioria dos pacientes apresentava hemopatias malignas ou aplásicas em aplasia pós-quimioterapia ou pós-transplante, os demais tinham imunossupressão não hematológica ou barreiras anatômicas comprometidas por cirurgia ou pneumopatia crônica. O diagnóstico baseou-se predominantemente no isolamento em cultura, com identificação acelerada por MALDI-TOF e, quando necessário, sequenciação da região ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer). O tratamento combinou, quase sempre, anfotericina B lipossomal e voriconazol, reservando equinocandinas apenas para uso empírico inicial. Apesar destas medidas, a infecção manteve letalidade elevada e, entre os sobreviventes, persiste a necessidade de terapia antifúngica prolongada ou o risco de sequelas orgânicas, sublinhando a importância do reconhecimento precoce e de estratégias terapêuticas integradas.This study assembled reports of invasive and disseminated infections caused by Saprochaete capitata / Magnusiomyces capitatus, a rare opportunistic mycosis that can involve the bloodstream, lungs, serous cavities, skin and, occasionally, the central nervous system. A narrative review of 25 case reports published over the past decade was carried out to characterise diagnostic methods, therapeutic approaches and clinical outcomes. Most patients had malignant or aplastic haematological disorders in post-chemotherapy or post-transplant aplasia; the others showed non-haematological immunosuppression or anatomical barriers compromised by surgery or chronic lung disease. Diagnosis relied predominantly on culture isolation, with faster identification by MALDI-TOF and, when necessary, sequencing of the ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region. Treatment almost invariably combined liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole, reserving echinocandins solely for initial empirical use. Despite these measures, the infection maintained high lethality, and among survivors there remains a need for prolonged antifungal therapy or a risk of organ sequelae, underscoring the importance of early recognition and integrated therapeutic strategies

Actividad y eficacia experimental de fármacos antifúngicos frente a levaduras causantes de micosis sistémicas

Tot i que les teràpies per les infeccions fúngiques han millorat molt en els últims 10 anys, les infeccions per fongs oportunistes segueixen sent una greu amenaça, especialment pels pacients inmunocompromesos. La baixa incidéncia d’aquestes infeccions ha dificultat l’adopció d’estratègies terapeútiques eficaces pel que, estàn associades a una elevada mortalitat. L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi ha estat contribuir al desenvolupament d’alternatives terapeútiques experimentals per les micosis oportunistes causades pels patògens emergents Saprochaete capitata, Cryptococcus albidus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa i Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Avaluacions in vitro i in vivo es van portar a terme i han permès proposar noves alternatives terapeútiques per les infeccions causades per aquests patògens.Aunque las terapias para las infecciones fúngicas han mejorado mucho en los últimos 10 años, las infecciones por hongos oportunistas siguen siendo una grave amenaza, especialmente para los pacientes inmunocomprometidos. La baja incidencia de estas infecciones ha dificultado la adopción de estrategias terapéuticas eficaces por lo que, están asociadas a una elevada mortalidad El objetivo de esta tesis ha sido contribuir al desarrollo de alternativas terapéuticas experimentales para las micosis oportunistas causadas por los patógenos emergentes Saprochaete capitata, Cryptococcus albidus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa y Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Evaluaciones in vitro e in vivo se llevaron a cabo y han permitido proponer nuevas alternativas terapéuticas para las infecciones causadas por estos patógenos.Although therapies for fungal infections have improved much during last 10 years, infections by opportunistic fungus still are a serious threat, especially for immune-compromised patients. The low influence of these infections have complicated the adoption of effective therapeutic strategies, hence they’re associated with a high mortality rate. The goal of this thesis has been to contribute the development of experimental therapies alternative for opportunistic mycoses originated by emerging pathogens Saprochaete capitata, Cryptococcus albidus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In vitro and in vivo evaluations were carried out and they have led us to propose new therapeutic alternatives for the infections caused by these pathogens

Clinical usefulness of triazole derivatives in the management of fungal infections

El tratamiento de las infecciones producidas por hongos se limita al uso de un reducido número de moléculas. Si bien, la anfotericina B aún sigue siendo considerada como el antifúngico de referencia, para el tratamiento de estas infecciones, la toxicidad aguda y crónica que produce así como el fallo renal limitan su uso y de alguna manera supuso un empuje a la investigación de nuevas familias de sustancias que pudieran ser empleadas en clínica. Una de esas familias es la de los derivados azólicos, descubierta en la década de los años 70 que fue introducida en la práctica clínica en la década posterior. Aun siendo la familia de antifúngicos más prolífica, la investigación sobre nuevas moléculas más seguras y con un mejor perfil farmacológico a la vez que presenten una mayor actividad frente a un amplio espectro de hongos patógenos y con la mayor cantidad rutas de administraciónCurrent therapy for mycoses is limited to the use of a relative reduced number of antifungal drugs. Although amphotericin B still remains considered as the “gold standard” for treatment, acute and chronic toxicity, such as impairment of renal function, limits its use and enhances the investigation and clinical use other chemical families of antifungal drugs. One of these chemical class of active drugs are azole derivatives, discovered in 70s and introduced in clinical practice in 80s. Being the most prolific antifungal class, investigation about more molecules, with a safer and better pharmacological profile, active against a wide spectrum of fungi, with a wide range of administration routes gives us some azole representatives.Fil: Carrillo Muñoz, Alfonso Javier. A.C.I.A. Departamento Microbiología; EspañaFil: Giusiano, Gustavo Emilio. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Arechavala, Alicia. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Infecciosas F. J. Muñiz; ArgentinaFil: Tur Tur, Cristina. SPDI. CAP Manso; EspañaFil: Eraso, Elena. Universidad del Pais Vasco; EspañaFil: Jauregizar, Nerea. Universidad del Pais Vasco; EspañaFil: Quindós, Guillermo. Universidad del Pais Vasco; EspañaFil: Negroni, Ricardo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Infecciosas F. J. Muñiz; Argentin

Stress Tolerance of Yeasts Dominating Reverse Osmosis Membranes for Whey Water Treatment

Filamentous yeast species belonging to the closely related Saprochaete clavata and Magnusiomyces spicifer were recently found to dominate biofilm communities on the retentate and permeate surface of Reverse Osmosis (RO) membranes used in a whey water treatment system after CIP (Cleaning-In-Place). Microscopy revealed that the two filamentous yeast species can cover extensive areas due to their large cell size and long hyphae formation. Representative strains from these species were here further characterized and displayed similar physiological and biochemical characteristics. Both strains tested were able to grow in twice RO-filtrated permeate water and metabolize the urea present. Little is known about the survival characteristics of these strains. Here, their tolerance toward heat (60, 70, and 80°C) and Ultraviolet light (UV-C) treatment at 255 nm using UV-LED was assessed as well as their ability to form biofilm and withstand cleaning associated stress. According to the heat tolerance experiments, the D60°C of S. clavata and M. spicifer is 16.37 min and 7.24 min, respectively, while a reduction of 3.5 to >4.5 log (CFU/mL) was ensured within 5 min at 70°C. UV-C light at a dose level 10 mJ/cm2 had little effect, while doses of 40 mJ/cm2 and upward ensured a ≥4log reduction in a static laboratory scale set-up. The biofilm forming potential of one filamentous yeast and one budding yeast, Sporopachydermia lactativora, both isolated from the same biofilm, was compared in assays employing flat-bottomed polystyrene microwells and peg lids, respectively. In these systems, employing both nutrient rich as well as nutrient poor media, only the filamentous yeast was able to create biofilm. However, on RO membrane coupons in static systems, both the budding yeast and a filamentous yeast were capable of forming single strain biofilms and when these coupons were exposed to different simulations of CIP treatments both the filamentous and budding yeast survived these. The dominance of these yeasts in some filter systems tested, their capacity to adhere and their tolerance toward relevant stresses as demonstrated here, suggest that these slow growing yeasts are well suited to initiate microbial biofouling on surfaces in low nutrient environments