USSR Space Life Sciences Digest, issue 6

This is the sixth issue of NASA's USSR Space Life Sciences Digest. It contains abstracts of 54 papers recently published in Russian language periodicals and bound collections and of 10 new Soviet monographs. Selected abstracts are illustrated with figures and tables from the original. Additional features include a table of Soviet EVAs and information about English translations of Soviet materials available to readers. The topics covered in this issue have been identified as relevant to 26 areas of aerospace medicine and space biology. These areas are adaptation, biospherics, body fluids, botany, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, developmental biology, endocrinology, enzymology, exobiology, genetics, habitability and environment effects, health and medical treatment, hematology, human performance, immunology, life support systems, mathematical modeling, metabolism., microbiology, morphology and cytology, musculoskeletal system, neurophysiology, nutrition, perception, personnel selection, psychology, radiobiology, reproductive biology, and space medicine

Impact des nouvelles recommandations du traitement médicamenteux de l ostéoporose post-ménopausique (Étude rétrospective des patientes vues en consultation Ostéoporose au CHU de Rouen entre 2006 et 2012)

L ostéoporose est une maladie généralisée du squelette responsable d une fragilité osseuse exagérée et donc d un risque élevé de fracture. Le diagnostic et le traitement de l ostéoporose font encore défaut à ce jour puisqu on estime que seuls 20% des patients en bénéficient après une fracture. Les nouvelles recommandations du traitement médicamenteux ont été éditées en 2012 sous l égide de la SFR, du GRIO et de différentes sociétés savantes, remplaçant les dernières recommandations de la HAS de 2006. Le but de notre étude est d évaluer l impact des nouvelles recommandations du traitement médicamenteux de l ostéoporose post-ménopausique dans le cadre d une pratique quotidienne au sein d une consultation ostéoporose . Matériel et méthodes - Nous avons réalisé une étude observationnelle, rétrospective, monocentrique, au sein d une consultation ostéoporose réalisée au sein du service de Rhumatologie du CHU de Rouen. Nous avons sélectionné les patientes ménopausées, sans ostéoporose secondaire, vues en consultation entre Janvier 2006 et Décembre 2011. Les données épidémiologiques et cliniques des patientes ont été recueillies, permettant de justifier l indication d un traitement de l ostéoporose pour chaque patientes avec les recommandations 2006 et 2012. Résultats 231 patientes ont été incluses, 85 dans le groupe non fracturé , 47 dans le groupe fracture non sévère et 99 dans le groupe fracture sévère . 187 patientes (80,1%) avaient une indication au traitement médicamenteux avec les recommandations 2006 contre 173 (75,9%) avec les recommandations 2012. Pour 26 patientes (11,3%) il existe une discordance dans l indication au traitement avec les deux recommandations. Pour 24 de ces 26 patientes (92,3%), la discordance est liée au calcul du score FRAX®. Conclusion - Les nouvelles recommandations du traitement de l ostéoporose postménopausique ont un faible impact sur l indication au traitement de l ostéoporose postménoapusique. Le score FRAX® confirme son rôle majeur lorsque son calcul est indiqué, entraînant une diminution des indications au traitement avec les recommandations de 2012 par rapport à celles de 2006.ROUEN-BU Médecine-Pharmacie (765402102) / SudocSudocFranceF

The influence of bone mineral density and bisphosphonate therapy on the determinants of oral health and changes on dental panoramic radiographs in postmenopausal women

Prezentovana doktorska disertacija imala je za cilj da utvrdi da li kod pacijentkinja sa osteoporozom postoji veza između mineralne koštane gustine skeleta i pokazatelja oralnog zdravlja, kao i da li su mentalni indeks i mandibularni koštani indeks validni parametri za procenu mineralne koštane gustine skeleta.  Materijali i metode: Ispitanice u postmenopauzalnom periodu (N=120) bile su uključene u studiju i podeljene u tri grupe: (I) pacijentkinje obolele od osteoporoze (n=45); (Ib) pacijentkinje obolele od osteoporoze koje uzimaju bisfosfonatnu terapiju (n=45); (K) kontrolna grupa, koju su činile ispitanice sa normalnom koštanom gustinom (n=30). Kod svake ispitanice bili su evaluirani plak indeks, gingivalni i indeks krvarnja, nivo pripojnog epitela (NPE), dubina parodontalnih džepova,kao i KEP indeks (broj karioznih, ekstrahovanih i plombiranih zuba). Mentalni indeks (Mental Index - MI) i Mandibularni kortikalni indeks (Mandibular Cortical Index - MCI) bili su određeni na ortopantomografskim snimcima. Rezultati: Ib grupa je prikazala statistički značajno (p 0,05).  Zaključak: Terapija bisfosfonatima bi mogla negativno da utiče na parodontalno zdravlje, ali su potrebna dalja istraživanja kako bi se doneli čvršći zaključci. MI i MCI se nisu pokazali kao dovoljno precizna dijagnostička sredstva u proceni koštane gustine osoba ženskog pola u postmenopauzi.The present PhD thesis aimed to assess the determinants of oral health, in women in the postmenopausal period suffering from osteoporosis (with an emphasis on differences between the patients receiving bisphosphonate therapy), and to examine the correlation between dental panoramic indices (Mental Index - MI, Mandibular Cortical Index - MCI), and bone mineral density in these three groups of patients. Postmenopausal women (N=120) were included in this cross-sectional study and divided in the following groups: (I) women with osteoporosis (n=45), (Ib) women with osteoporosis treated with bisphosphonates (n=45), and (K) control group (n=30). gingival, plaque, and papilla bleeding index, pocket depth, clinical attachment loss (AL), the presence of periodontitis, as well as number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT), were evaluated for each patient. The investigated mandibular indices (MI and MCI) were assessed on a dental panoramic radiograph. Group Ib showed significantly higher (p<0.05) gingival (0.37 ± 0.68), bleeding index (1.44 ± 0.77), AL (2.33 ± 1.69) and deeper pocket depth (2.28 ± 0.58) than I (gingival index 0.14 ± 0.16; bleeding index 1.08 ± 0.65; pocket depth 2.01 ± 0.44) and K group (gingival index 0.27 ± 0.50; AL 1.50 ± 1.07). No significant differences were found in MCI index (p=0.06) or MI (p=0.303) between the examined groups. Also, there were no significant differences between the three groups in the presence of periodontitis as well as in the DMFT index. BP therapy could have a negative influence on periodontal health in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Further, MI and MCI are not precise diagnostic tools for diagnosing low BMD in postmenopausal women. Further research is needed to confirm these finding

Pyrophosphate and diphosphonates in skeletal metabolism. Physiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects.

Pyrophosphate and diphosphonates produce striking results on calcium metabolism in experimental animals and man. Compounds containing P-O-P- bonds (e.g. inorganic pyrophosphate [PP-ii1 or P-C-P bonds (diphosponates) inhibit both the formation and dissolution of calcium phosphate crystals in vitro. PP-i may have a physiological function in regulating calcification and bone turnover, and obnormalities in its metabolism may occur in some human diseases notably hypophosphatasia and pseudogout. Diphosphonates inhibit ectopic calcification, and slow down resorption and bone turnover in several experimental systems in vivo. They have helped in studies of various aspects of the regulation of calcium metabolism. The diphosphonate, disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) has been shown in clinical studies to be effective against ectopic calcification particularly in myositis ossificans progressiva and in disorders of increased bone resorption such as Paget's diseases and some types of osteoporosis. -99mTechnetium complexes of EHDP, PP-i and other polyphosphates have also recently been used successfully as bone scanning agents

Pyrophosphate and diphosphonates in skeletal metabolism. Physiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects.

Pyrophosphate and diphosphonates produce striking results on calcium metabolism in experimental animals and man. Compounds containing P-O-P- bonds (e.g. inorganic pyrophosphate [PP-ii1 or P-C-P bonds (diphosponates) inhibit both the formation and dissolution of calcium phosphate crystals in vitro. PP-i may have a physiological function in regulating calcification and bone turnover, and obnormalities in its metabolism may occur in some human diseases notably hypophosphatasia and pseudogout. Diphosphonates inhibit ectopic calcification, and slow down resorption and bone turnover in several experimental systems in vivo. They have helped in studies of various aspects of the regulation of calcium metabolism. The diphosphonate, disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) has been shown in clinical studies to be effective against ectopic calcification particularly in myositis ossificans progressiva and in disorders of increased bone resorption such as Paget's diseases and some types of osteoporosis. -99mTechnetium complexes of EHDP, PP-i and other polyphosphates have also recently been used successfully as bone scanning agents