Review of the Latest Developments in Automotive Safety Standardization for Driving Automation Systems

The ISO 26262: Functional Safety – Road Vehicles Standard has been the de-facto automotive functional safety standard since it was first released in 2011. With the introduction of complex driving automation systems, new standardization efforts to deal with safety of these systems have been initiated to address emerging gaps such as the human/automation roles and responsibilities in the presence/absence of the driver/user, the impact of the technological limitations and the verification and validation needs of automation systems to name a few. This paper highlights some of these gaps and introduces some of the latest developments in automotive safety standardization for driving automation systems

Overview of the Second Edition of ISO 26262: Functional Safety— Road Vehicles

Functional safety is of the utmost importance in the development of safety-critical automotive systems, especially with the introduction of driver assist and automated driving systems. ISO 26262: Functional Safety – Road Vehicles, has been the de facto standard for functional safety in the automotive electronics domain since the release of its first edition in 2011. It is currently available in its second edition, published in December 2018. In this paper, we present an overview of the standard, which applies to all activities during the safety lifecycle of system development. In the concept phase of ISO 26262, the hazard and risk assessment process focuses on identifying possible hazards caused by malfunctioning behavior of electrical/electronic (E/E) safety-related systems and mitigating them through the identification of safety goals. The design phase includes system, hardware, and software development, with requirements developed from the safety goals. ISO 26262 also prescribes the functional safety management activities to be performed during the safety lifecycle and provides requirements for the supporting processes. In addition to presenting an overview of the standard, this paper highlights some major changes introduced in the second edition of ISO 26262

A synthesis of logic and bio-inspired techniques in the design of dependable systems

Much of the development of model-based design and dependability analysis in the design of dependable systems, including software intensive systems, can be attributed to the application of advances in formal logic and its application to fault forecasting and verification of systems. In parallel, work on bio-inspired technologies has shown potential for the evolutionary design of engineering systems via automated exploration of potentially large design spaces. We have not yet seen the emergence of a design paradigm that effectively combines these two techniques, schematically founded on the two pillars of formal logic and biology, from the early stages of, and throughout, the design lifecycle. Such a design paradigm would apply these techniques synergistically and systematically to enable optimal refinement of new designs which can be driven effectively by dependability requirements. The paper sketches such a model-centric paradigm for the design of dependable systems, presented in the scope of the HiP-HOPS tool and technique, that brings these technologies together to realise their combined potential benefits. The paper begins by identifying current challenges in model-based safety assessment and then overviews the use of meta-heuristics at various stages of the design lifecycle covering topics that span from allocation of dependability requirements, through dependability analysis, to multi-objective optimisation of system architectures and maintenance schedules

Challenges in the Context of the Development and Application of Risk-informed Regulations in the Domain of Safety Technology

AbstractSafety regulations have a long historical perspective. Organizations like DIN, German Institute for Standardization (founded in 1917), ISO, International Organization for Standardization (founded in 1947), IEC, International Electrical Commission (founded in 1906) are promoters in that domain. The new era and the main focus of the paper are the transition of regulations from the descriptive format towards to a proactive format considering prognostic elements like: “what can happen if”. The transition to risk-informed regulations creates numerous challenges for the development and application on both performers, the inventor of the regulation and the user working at the industry. A successful transition is not only a typical technical and organisational achievement but also a legislative and juristic problem which has to be resolved. In the central part of the paper are typical challenges and drawbacks between the wishes of the regulators and the reality in industries representing the various domains of safety technologies. A substantial challenge is to gain the prerequisite for utilizing risk-infirmed regulations, namely to learn from the past for the prediction into the future. The learning from the past must be realised twofold. First, qualitatively based on verbal descriptions, underlined by physical data of abnormal events, incidents and accidents, perceived in the past, and secondly, quantitatively based on statistical evidence of probabilities of the occurrences. A significant category of statistical information needed is the so-called failure rate Lambda (λ) of a specific failure mode of the component of interest. Obviously, to payback lessons learned and to utilise and publish it in failure reports is in contrary to the strategic attitude of traditional industries. Finally, the paper summarizes some recommendations, were the leading focus of the diverse industrial endeavours should be to apply the selected examples of risk-informed regulations successfully