64,638 research outputs found
Determinism Beyond Time Evolution
Physicists are increasingly beginning to take seriously the possibility of laws outside the traditional time-evolution paradigm; yet many popular definitions of determinism are still predicated on a time-evolution picture, making them manifestly unsuited to the diverse range of research programmes in modern physics. In this article, we use a constraint-based framework to set out a generalization of determinism which does not presuppose temporal evolution, distinguishing between strong, weak and delocalised holistic determinism. We discuss some interesting consequences of these generalized notions of determinism, and we show that this approach sheds new light on the long-standing debate surrounding the nature of objective chance
Notes on Ernest Nagelâs Philosophy of History: Historical Determinism Revisited
In this article, I analyse common arguments raised against historical determinism. I refer to the treatment given to the topic by Ernest Nagel in âDeterminism in Historyâ (1959). Nagel identifies five different arguments which allegedly show that history is not deterministic and argues that they fall short. I revisit, re-evaluate, and make amendments to these arguments. Special attention is given to one of them: The argument that the emergence of novelties in human affairs would be incompatible with the standard view of determinism. I use the theory of convergent evolution to clarify why novelties cannot be used against the deterministic assumption, especially if by determinism we mean only the ontological sense of the doctrine â which I call uniqueness of evolution â and not predictive determinism. I conclude that common attacks on the possibility of historical determinism are grounded on incomplete human knowledge of the historical world.Â
Semiclassical analysis and sensitivity to initial conditions
We present several recent results concerning the transition between quantum
and classical mechanics, in the situation where the underlying dynamical system
has an hyperbolic behaviour. The special role of invariant manifolds will be
emphasized, and the long time evolution will show how the quantum
non-determinism and the classical chaotic sensitivity to initial conditions can
be compared, and in a certain sense overlap
Reversibility in the Extended Measurement-based Quantum Computation
When applied on some particular quantum entangled states, measurements are
universal for quantum computing. In particular, despite the fondamental
probabilistic evolution of quantum measurements, any unitary evolution can be
simulated by a measurement-based quantum computer (MBQC). We consider the
extended version of the MBQC where each measurement can occur not only in the
(X,Y)-plane of the Bloch sphere but also in the (X,Z)- and (Y,Z)-planes. The
existence of a gflow in the underlying graph of the computation is a necessary
and sufficient condition for a certain kind of determinism. We extend the
focused gflow (a gflow in a particular normal form) defined for the (X,Y)-plane
to the extended case, and we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for
the existence of such normal forms
Some Notes on Theories of Technology, Society and Innovation Systems for S&T Policy Studies
This paper is an examination of technological determinism â the shaping of society by technology â and the influence of society on the evolution of technology
Anvil or Onion? Determinism as a Layered Concept
Stephen Kellert (1993) has argued that Laplacean determinism in classical physics is actually a layered concept, where various properties or layers composing this form of determinism can be peeled away. Here, I argue that a layered conception of determinism is inappropriate and that we should think in terms of different deterministic models applicable to different kinds of systems. The upshot of this analysis is that the notion of state is more closely tied to the kind of system being investigated than is usually considered in discussions of determinism. So when investigating determinism corresponding changes to the appropriate notion of stateâand, perhaps, the state space itselfâalso need to be considered
Finding Optimal Flows Efficiently
Among the models of quantum computation, the One-way Quantum Computer is one
of the most promising proposals of physical realization, and opens new
perspectives for parallelization by taking advantage of quantum entanglement.
Since a one-way quantum computation is based on quantum measurement, which is a
fundamentally nondeterministic evolution, a sufficient condition of global
determinism has been introduced as the existence of a causal flow in a graph
that underlies the computation. A O(n^3)-algorithm has been introduced for
finding such a causal flow when the numbers of output and input vertices in the
graph are equal, otherwise no polynomial time algorithm was known for deciding
whether a graph has a causal flow or not. Our main contribution is to introduce
a O(n^2)-algorithm for finding a causal flow, if any, whatever the numbers of
input and output vertices are. This answers the open question stated by Danos
and Kashefi and by de Beaudrap. Moreover, we prove that our algorithm produces
an optimal flow (flow of minimal depth.)
Whereas the existence of a causal flow is a sufficient condition for
determinism, it is not a necessary condition. A weaker version of the causal
flow, called gflow (generalized flow) has been introduced and has been proved
to be a necessary and sufficient condition for a family of deterministic
computations. Moreover the depth of the quantum computation is upper bounded by
the depth of the gflow. However, the existence of a polynomial time algorithm
that finds a gflow has been stated as an open question. In this paper we answer
this positively with a polynomial time algorithm that outputs an optimal gflow
of a given graph and thus finds an optimal correction strategy to the
nondeterministic evolution due to measurements.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
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