3 research outputs found

    Terminal sliding mode control for continuous stirred tank reactor

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    ยฉ 2014 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is a typical example of chemical industrial equipment, whose dynamics represent an extensive class of second order nonlinear systems. It has been witnessed that designing a good control algorithm for the CSTR is very challenging due to the high complexity. The two difficult issues in CSTR control are state estimation and external disturbance attenuation. In general, in industrial process control a fast and robust response is essential. Driven by these challenging issues and desired performance, this paper proposes an output feedback terminal sliding mode control (TSMC) framework which is developed for CSTR, and can estimate the system states and stabilize the system output tracking error to zero in a finite time. The corresponding stability analysis is presented in terms of the Lyapunov method. Illustrative examples are demonstrated by using Matlab simulations to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach

    ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ „๋žต

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ™”ํ•™์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€(์—๋„ˆ์ง€ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ™”ํ•™์œตํ•ฉ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ „๊ณต), 2022.2. ์ด์ข…๋ฏผ.Many researchers in chemical engineering have been using analytical and computational models to predict the behaviors of systems and use these models to process optimization, design and control. However, until now, researchers are still forced to compromise on model fidelity and accuracy. Although high fidelity models can improve the model accuracy, simulating these models is usually time-consuming, making it difficult to perform optimization. In this thesis, computationally efficient strategies about two system are introduced which can maintain model fidelity but effectively reduce the calculation time. Polymer reactor is selected for the first system and we focused on polymer kinetics. A hybrid approach that combines the method of moments and Monte Carlo simulation to predict the molecular weight distribution of low-density polyethylene for a continuous stirred tank reactor system is proposed. A 'Block,' which is repeating reaction group, is introduced for the calculation cost-effective simulation. This model called the 'block Kinetic Monte Carlo' is ~10 to 32 times faster than Neuhausโ€™s model. The model can be applied to any steady state system and provide a calculation cost reduction effect, where one reaction is much faster than others; for example, the propagation reaction. Furthermore, we perform a case study on the effects of the system temperature and initiator concentration on the MWD and reaction rate ratio. Based on the simulation results of 180 case studies, we determine a quantitative guideline for the appearance of shoulder, which is a function of the rate ratio of reactions to the propagation reaction. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based reactor system is selected for the second system. CFD is an essential tool for solving engineering problem that involves fluid dynamics. Especially in chemical engineering, fluid motion usually has extensive effects on system states such as temperature and component concentration. However, due to the critical issue of long computational times for simulating CFD, application of CFD is limited for many real-time problems such as real-time optimization and process control. In this study, we develop the surrogate model of Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with Van de Vusse reaction using Physics-informed neural network (PINN) which can train the governing equations of system. We propose PINN architecture that can train every governing equation which chemical reactor system follows and can train multi-reference frame system. Also, we investigate that PINN can resolve the problem of neural network that needs lots of training data, are easily overfitted and cannot contain physical meaning. Furthermore, we modify the original PINN suggested by Raissi in order to solve the memory error and divergence problem with two methods: (1) Mini-batch training; (2) Weighted loss function. We also suggest a similarity based sampling strategy where the accuracy can be improved up to 5 times over the random sampling. This work can provide the guideline for developing the high performance surrogate model of chemical process.ํ™”ํ•™ ๊ณตํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์ ํ™”, ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„์™€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ํƒ€ํ˜‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ์‹ค์ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ถฉ์‹ค๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ „๋žต์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์† ๊ต๋ฐ˜ ํƒฑํฌ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €๋ฐ€๋„ ํด๋ฆฌ์—ํ‹ธ๋ Œ์˜ ๋ถ„์ž๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ชฌํ…Œ ์นด๋ฅผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‘๋“ค์„ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ธ โ€˜๋ธ”๋ฝโ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. โ€˜๋ธ”๋ฝ ํ‚ค๋„คํ‹ฑ ๋ชฌํ…Œ ์นด๋ฅผ๋กœโ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ Neuhaus๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ 10~32๋ฐฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠน์ • ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ์†Œํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์šด์ „ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์ž๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„ํฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 180๊ฐœ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์ž๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ„๋”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ์ง€์นจ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ „์‚ฐ์œ ์ฒด์—ญํ•™ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ „์‚ฐ์œ ์ฒด์—ญํ•™์€ ์œ ์ฒด์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ™”ํ•™๊ณตํ•™๋ฐ˜์‘๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์œ ์ฒด์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋‚˜ ๋†๋„์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ „์‚ฐ์œ ์ฒด์—ญํ•™์€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๋ฐ ๊ณต์ • ์ œ์–ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‘์šฉ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ •๋ณด์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง(PINN)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Van de Vusse ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์—ฐ์† ๊ต๋ฐ˜ ํƒฑํฌ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ธฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์ฐธ์กฐ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ •๋ณด์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ •๋ณด์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง(PINN)์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ ํ•ฉ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋ฐœ์‚ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ Raissi๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ •๋ณด์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง(PINN)์„ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1) ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ; 2) ๊ฐ€์ค‘ ์†์‹ค ํ•จ์ˆ˜. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ์ถ”์ถœ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 5๋ฐฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ถ”์ถœ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™”ํ•™ ๊ณต์ •์˜ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์นจ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.Abstract i Contents iv List of Figures vii List of Tables xi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Research motivation 1 1.2 Research objective 3 1.3 Outline of the thesis 5 Chapter 2 Molecular weight distribution modeling of LDPE in a continuous stirred-tank reactor using coupled deterministic and stochastic approach 6 2.1 Introduction 6 2.2 Methodology 10 2.2.1 Polymer reaction mechanism 10 2.2.2 Reactor model 16 2.2.3 Deterministic part 16 2.2.4 Stochastic part 20 2.3 Result 34 2.3.1 Verification 34 2.3.2 Reduction in calculation time 39 2.3.3 Case study 41 2.3.4 Shouldering condition 49 2.4 Conclusions 52 2.5 Notations 54 2.6 Abbreviations 57 Chapter 3 Physics-informed deep learning for data-driven solutions of computational fluid dynamics 58 3.1 Introduction 58 3.2 PINN 61 3.3 Model description 64 3.3.1 CFD modeling 64 3.3.2 Governing equations 67 3.3.3 PINN architecture 71 3.4 Result and Discussion 79 3.4.1 Model verification 79 3.4.2 Improvement of model performance 86 3.4.3 Comparison of PINN model with 1-D ODE model 98 3.5 Conclusion 102 3.6 Appendix 105 3.7 Notations 106 Chapter 4 Concluding Remarks 111 4.1 Summary of contributions 111 4.2 Future work 112 Reference 114 Abstract in Korean (๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก) 121๋ฐ•
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