EXPLORATION METHOD OF ROSTER DESIGN DEVELOPMENT WITH METAL WASTE IN TUMANG VILLAGE CEPAGA BOYOLALI

In Tumang village as a center for copper handicrafts, the problem that arises is the abundant metal waste but has not been used optimally. The aim is to develop a roster design made from metal waste with consideration of aesthetic appearance and commercial value. The method used is related to qualitative research and visual creation. Results and discussion, namely the exploration stage of design development include 1) Collecting waste, 2) Tidying the waste, 3) Arranging waste and finding the desired form as a roster, 3) Welding waste, 4) Finishing waste. The method of creation found was 1) Relying on the aesthetic sensitivity of the maker in composing pieces of metal waste into abstract shapes. 2) Relying on the association of forms based on the experience of the creator so as to bring up analogous forms of flora, fauna, and others. Keywords exploration, development, design, roster, metal wast

Design method for adsorption beds

Regenerable adsorption beds for long-term life support systems include synthetic geolite to remove carbon dioxide and silica gel to dehumidify the atmospheric gas prior to its passage through the geolite beds. Bed performance is evaluated from adsorption characteristics, heat and mass transfer, and pressure drop

A Subgradient Method for Free Material Design

A small improvement in the structure of the material could save the manufactory a lot of money. The free material design can be formulated as an optimization problem. However, due to its large scale, second-order methods cannot solve the free material design problem in reasonable size. We formulate the free material optimization (FMO) problem into a saddle-point form in which the inverse of the stiffness matrix A(E) in the constraint is eliminated. The size of A(E) is generally large, denoted as N by N. This is the first formulation of FMO without A(E). We apply the primal-dual subgradient method [17] to solve the restricted saddle-point formula. This is the first gradient-type method for FMO. Each iteration of our algorithm takes a total of $O(N^2)$ foating-point operations and an auxiliary vector storage of size O(N), compared with formulations having the inverse of A(E) which requires $O(N^3)$ arithmetic operations and an auxiliary vector storage of size $O(N^2)$. To solve the problem, we developed a closed-form solution to a semidefinite least squares problem and an efficient parameter update scheme for the gradient method, which are included in the appendix. We also approximate a solution to the bounded Lagrangian dual problem. The problem is decomposed into small problems each only having an unknown of k by k (k = 3 or 6) matrix, and can be solved in parallel. The iteration bound of our algorithm is optimal for general subgradient scheme. Finally we present promising numerical results.Comment: SIAM Journal on Optimization (accepted

Design improvement of toner cartridge using design for assembly method

DFMA or known as Design for Manufacture and Assembly, consists of two main components which are Design for Manufacturing and Design for Assembly. To review the design for product evaluation, DFMA is an important methodolgy to be used. Reducing the number of parts to be assembled in a product is very significant. This can contribute to reducing the cost of assembly and assembly time for manufacturer. DFMA methodology is therefore applied to reduce the cost of the product by selecting a consumer product which is a toner cartridge as a case study of the product. The DFA Worksheet table is used for product evaluation and the original product design is reviewed, improved and re-evaluated. The significant result shows the new toner cartridge design is achievable with fewer parts from 32 to 27 parts. This method is also eligible for application to manufacturing industries to improve the effectiveness of their design

Linear matching method for design limits in plasticity

In this paper a state-of-the-art numerical method is discussed for the evaluation of the shakedown and ratchet limits for an elastic-perfectly plastic body subjected to cyclic thermal and mechanical load history. The limit load or collapse load, i.e. the load carrying capacity, is also determined as a special case of shakedown analysis. These design limits in plasticity have been solved by characterizing the steady cyclic state using a general cyclic minimum theorem. For a prescribed class of kinematically admissible inelastic strain rate histories, the minimum of the functional for these design limits are found by a programming method, the Linear Matching Method (LMM), which converges to the least upper bound. By ensuring that both equilibrium and compatibility are satisfied at each stage, a direct algorithm has also been derived to determine the lower bound of shakedown and ratchet limit using the best residual stress calculated during the LMM procedure. Three practical examples of the LMM are provided to confirm the efficiency and effectiveness of the method: the behaviour of a complex 3D tubeplate in a typical AGR superheater header, the behaviour of a fiber reinforced metal matrix composite under loading and thermal cycling conditions, and effects of drilling holes on the ratchet limit and crack tip plastic strain range fora centre cracked plate subjected to constant tensile loading and cyclic bending moment

COPTRAN - A method of optimum communication systems design

Single set of mathematical expressions describes system cost and probability of error of data transmission in terms of four basic parameters in the link equation. A Lagrange multiplier sets up equations whose solutions yield the optimum values for system design considerations and weight and cost values