Analysis and design of three-stage concatenated color-shift keying

Visible Light Communication (VLC) relies on abundant unlicensed bandwidth resources. As an attractive high-data-rate modulation scheme designed for VLC, Color Shift Keying (CSK) assisted modulation is analysed. We commence our study from an uncoded M-CSK scheme relying on the joint Maximum Likelihood (ML) Hard-Detection (HD) of three colors, when communicating over an AWGN channel, where both empirical and analytical results are provided. We invoke EXtrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts for designing a Maximum A-posteriori Probability (MAP) based Soft-Detection (SD) aided iterative receiver jointly detecting the three colors. Based on the EXIT characteristics of M-CSK, we design different signal labeling strategies for diverse color constellations and detection schemes, which are capable of achieving a substantially improved Bit Error Ratio (BER) performance. Thus, given a fixed transmission power, a CSK system using our proposed signal labeling is capable of increasing the reliable data transmission distance by about 30%

Indoor-to-outdoor empirical path loss modelling for femtocell networks at 0.9, 2, 2.5 and 3.5 GHz using singular value decomposition

Two empirical indoor-to-outdoor path loss models to facilitate femtocell network deployment are derived from continuous wave power measurements. A large set of indoor-outdoor transmitter locations in two residential streets in an urban setting and operating at 900 MHz, 2 GHz, 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz have been used to derive the model parameters by using singular value decomposition (SVD). The path loss models have been compared and validated against existing models as well as independent measurement data and good comparison is shown. The root mean square error of the residual path loss data obtained from the measurement data, which directly relates to the channel shadowing characteristics, is compared and validated with known results and has led to new model parameters being proposed. The expressions derived from the modelling can be used in system-level simulators, as well as for shadowing interference analysis of two-tier heterogeneous networks operating in indoor-outdoor scenarios at or close to the operating frequencies considered. In this study, the models extend the operating frequency range compared to related models and introduce SVD as a convenient means of deriving parameters from measured path loss data

Wireless Channel Models for Indoor Environments

Wireless networks have made significant advancement in recent times by adding a new dimension to theway people communicate. Development of wireless standards have constantly aimed at providing higher datarates even under complex environments using smart antennas, multiple-input, and multiple-output systems.This has necessitated an understanding of the indoor propagation channel. Channel models describe acommunication channel and are essential in developing efficient wireless communication networks. This papersurveys different channel models used to characterise wireless indoor environment. This survey may be usefulfor the army, where the communication over wide areas during wargames that they hold periodically, isnecessary. Moreover, it may also be useful for communication near the border areas for surveillance operations.Defence Science Journal, 2008, 58(6), pp.771-777, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.58.170

Design and theoretical analysis of advanced power based positioning in RF system

Accurate locating and tracking of people and resources has become a fundamental requirement for many applications. The global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) is widely used. But its accuracy suffers from signal obstruction by buildings, multipath fading, and disruption due to jamming and spoof. Hence, it is required to supplement GPS with inertial sensors and indoor localization schemes that make use of WiFi APs or beacon nodes. In the GPS-challenging or fault scenario, radio-frequency (RF) infrastructure based localization schemes can be a fallback solution for robust navigation. For the indoor/outdoor transition scenario, we propose hypothesis test based fusion method to integrate multi-modal localization sensors. In the first paper, a ubiquitous tracking using motion and location sensor (UTMLS) is proposed. As a fallback approach, power-based schemes are cost-effective when compared with the existing ToA or AoA schemes. However, traditional power-based positioning methods suffer from low accuracy and are vulnerable to environmental fading. Also, the expected accuracy of power-based localization is not well understood but is needed to derive the hypothesis test for the fusion scheme. Hence, in paper 2-5, we focus on developing more accurate power-based localization schemes. The second paper improves the power-based range estimation accuracy by estimating the LoS component. The ranging error model in fading channel is derived. The third paper introduces the LoS-based positioning method with corresponding theoretical limits and error models. In the fourth and fifth paper, a novel antenna radiation-pattern-aware power-based positioning (ARPAP) system and power contour circle fitting (PCCF) algorithm are proposed to address antenna directivity effect on power-based localization. Overall, a complete LoS signal power based positioning system has been developed that can be included in the fusion scheme --Abstract, page iv

Radio Link Design Framework for WSN Deployment and Performance Prediction

To address the needs of Cyber Physical System applications, and particularly for an easy implementation of wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSAN), semiconductor companies are offering single-chip solutions embedding in the same device a microcontroller core with a wireless transceiver. These internet-on-chip devices support different connections [1-4]: Bluetooth, ZigBee and Bluetooth Low Energy at 2.4 GHz, Wi-Fi at 5 GHz, sub-GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) at 868/915 MHz or 315/433 MHz. The used microcontroller cores range from 8-bit 8051 for low-power short-range solutions to 32-bit Cortex-M ARM ones. The max. sustained bit-rates are from 250 kb/s (sub-GHz links) to 4 Mb/s (Wi-Fi). For example, in case of TI cc254x and cc31xx devices, there are different trade-offs between receiver sensitivity (from -74 dBm to -100 dBm) and maximum transmitter power (from 0 dBm to 5 dBm). These performance parameters lead to different link distances, but also to different power consumption levels, from few mW to several hundreds of mW. A range extender device can be added [5] to improve RX noise figure (down to 4.7 dB) and TX power (up to 22 dBm), although for a power overhead of 480 mW