3,576 research outputs found
Degrees bounding principles and universal instances in reverse mathematics
A Turing degree d bounds a principle P of reverse mathematics if every
computable instance of P has a d-computable solution. P admits a universal
instance if there exists a computable instance such that every solution bounds
P. We prove that the stable version of the ascending descending sequence
principle (SADS) as well as the stable version of the thin set theorem for
pairs (STS(2)) do not admit a bound of low_2 degree. Therefore no principle
between Ramsey's theorem for pairs RT22 and SADS or STS(2) admit a universal
instance. We construct a low_2 degree bounding the Erd\H{o}s-Moser theorem
(EM), thereby showing that previous argument does not hold for EM. Finally, we
prove that the only Delta^0_2 degree bounding a stable version of the rainbow
Ramsey theorem for pairs (SRRT22) is 0'. Hence no principle between the stable
Ramsey theorem for pairs SRT22 and SRRT22 admit a universal instance. In
particular the stable version of the Erd\H{o}s-Moser theorem does not admit
one. It remains unknown whether EM admits a universal instance.Comment: 23 page
Open questions about Ramsey-type statements in reverse mathematics
Ramsey's theorem states that for any coloring of the n-element subsets of N
with finitely many colors, there is an infinite set H such that all n-element
subsets of H have the same color. The strength of consequences of Ramsey's
theorem has been extensively studied in reverse mathematics and under various
reducibilities, namely, computable reducibility and uniform reducibility. Our
understanding of the combinatorics of Ramsey's theorem and its consequences has
been greatly improved over the past decades. In this paper, we state some
questions which naturally arose during this study. The inability to answer
those questions reveals some gaps in our understanding of the combinatorics of
Ramsey's theorem.Comment: 15 page
Dominating the Erdos-Moser theorem in reverse mathematics
The Erdos-Moser theorem (EM) states that every infinite tournament has an
infinite transitive subtournament. This principle plays an important role in
the understanding of the computational strength of Ramsey's theorem for pairs
(RT^2_2) by providing an alternate proof of RT^2_2 in terms of EM and the
ascending descending sequence principle (ADS). In this paper, we study the
computational weakness of EM and construct a standard model (omega-model) of
simultaneously EM, weak K\"onig's lemma and the cohesiveness principle, which
is not a model of the atomic model theorem. This separation answers a question
of Hirschfeldt, Shore and Slaman, and shows that the weakness of the
Erdos-Moser theorem goes beyond the separation of EM from ADS proven by Lerman,
Solomon and Towsner.Comment: 36 page
The weakness of being cohesive, thin or free in reverse mathematics
Informally, a mathematical statement is robust if its strength is left
unchanged under variations of the statement. In this paper, we investigate the
lack of robustness of Ramsey's theorem and its consequence under the frameworks
of reverse mathematics and computable reducibility. To this end, we study the
degrees of unsolvability of cohesive sets for different uniformly computable
sequence of sets and identify different layers of unsolvability. This analysis
enables us to answer some questions of Wang about how typical sets help
computing cohesive sets.
We also study the impact of the number of colors in the computable
reducibility between coloring statements. In particular, we strengthen the
proof by Dzhafarov that cohesiveness does not strongly reduce to stable
Ramsey's theorem for pairs, revealing the combinatorial nature of this
non-reducibility and prove that whenever is greater than , stable
Ramsey's theorem for -tuples and colors is not computably reducible to
Ramsey's theorem for -tuples and colors. In this sense, Ramsey's
theorem is not robust with respect to his number of colors over computable
reducibility. Finally, we separate the thin set and free set theorem from
Ramsey's theorem for pairs and identify an infinite decreasing hierarchy of
thin set theorems in reverse mathematics. This shows that in reverse
mathematics, the strength of Ramsey's theorem is very sensitive to the number
of colors in the output set. In particular, it enables us to answer several
related questions asked by Cholak, Giusto, Hirst and Jockusch.Comment: 31 page
Iterative forcing and hyperimmunity in reverse mathematics
The separation between two theorems in reverse mathematics is usually done by
constructing a Turing ideal satisfying a theorem P and avoiding the solutions
to a fixed instance of a theorem Q. Lerman, Solomon and Towsner introduced a
forcing technique for iterating a computable non-reducibility in order to
separate theorems over omega-models. In this paper, we present a modularized
version of their framework in terms of preservation of hyperimmunity and show
that it is powerful enough to obtain the same separations results as Wang did
with his notion of preservation of definitions.Comment: 15 page
Set existence principles and closure conditions: unravelling the standard view of reverse mathematics
It is a striking fact from reverse mathematics that almost all theorems of countable and countably representable mathematics are equivalent to just five subsystems of second order arithmetic. The standard view is that the significance of these equivalences lies in the set existence principles that are necessary and sufficient to prove those theorems. In this article I analyse the role of set existence principles in reverse mathematics, and argue that they are best understood as closure conditions on the powerset of the natural numbers
The proof-theoretic strength of Ramsey's theorem for pairs and two colors
Ramsey's theorem for -tuples and -colors () asserts
that every k-coloring of admits an infinite monochromatic
subset. We study the proof-theoretic strength of Ramsey's theorem for pairs and
two colors, namely, the set of its consequences, and show that
is conservative over . This
strengthens the proof of Chong, Slaman and Yang that does not
imply , and shows that is
finitistically reducible, in the sense of Simpson's partial realization of
Hilbert's Program. Moreover, we develop general tools to simplify the proofs of
-conservation theorems.Comment: 32 page
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