1,035 research outputs found
Entanglement and its dynamics in open, dissipative systems
Quantum mechanical entanglement can exist in noisy open quantum systems at
high temperature. A simple mechanism, where system particles are randomly reset
to some standard initial state, can counteract the deteriorating effect of
decoherence, resulting in an entangled steady state far from thermodynamical
equilibrium. We present models for both gas-type systems and for strongly
coupled systems. We point out in which way the entanglement resulting from such
a reset mechanism is different from the entanglement that one can find in
thermal states. We develop master equations to describe the system and its
interaction with an environment, study toy models with two particles (qubits),
where the master equation can often be solved analytically, and finally examine
larger systems with possibly fluctuating particle numbers. We find that in
gas-type systems, the reset mechanism can produce an entangled steady state for
an arbitrary temperature of the environment, while this is not true in strongly
coupled systems. But even then, the temperature range where one can find
entangled steady states is typically much higher with the reset mechanism.Comment: 30 pages, 15 figure
Effect of control procedures on the evolution of entanglement in open quantum systems
The effect of a number of mechanisms designed to suppress decoherence in open
quantum systems are studied with respect to their effectiveness at slowing down
the loss of entanglement. The effect of photonic band-gap materials and
frequency modulation of the system-bath coupling are along expected lines in
this regard. However, other control schemes, like resonance fluorescence,
achieve quite the contrary: increasing the strength of the control kills
entanglement off faster. The effect of dynamic decoupling schemes on two
qualitatively different system-bath interactions are studied in depth. Dynamic
decoupling control has the expected effect of slowing down the decay of
entanglement in a two-qubit system coupled to a harmonic oscillator bath under
non-demolition interaction. However, non-trivial phenomena are observed when a
Josephson charge qubit, strongly coupled to a random telegraph noise bath, is
subject to decoupling pulses. The most striking of these reflects the resonance
fluorescence scenario in that an increase in the pulse strength decreases
decoherence but also speeds up the sudden death of entanglement. This
demonstrates that the behaviour of decoherence and entanglement in time can be
qualitatively different in the strong-coupling non-Markovian regime
Long-lived spin entanglement induced by a spatially correlated thermal bath
We investigate how two spatially separated qubits coupled to a common heat
bath can be entangled by purely dissipative dynamics. We identify a dynamical
time scale associated with the lifetime of the dissipatively generated
entanglement and show that it can be much longer than either the typical
single-qubit decoherence time or the time scale on which a direct exchange
interaction can entangle the qubits. We give an approximate analytical
expression for the long-time evolution of the qubit concurrence and propose an
ion trap scheme in which such dynamics should be observable.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Entanglement Evolution in the Presence of Decoherence
The entanglement of two qubits, each defined as an effective two-level, spin
1/2 system, is investigated for the case that the qubits interact via a
Heisenberg XY interaction and are subject to decoherence due to population
relaxation and thermal effects. For zero temperature, the time dependent
concurrence is studied analytically and numerically for some typical initial
states, including a separable (unentangled) initial state. An analytical
formula for non-zero steady state concurrence is found for any initial state,
and optimal parameter values for maximizing steady state concurrence are given.
The steady state concurrence is found analytically to remain non-zero for low,
finite temperatures. We also identify the contributions of global and local
coherence to the steady state entanglement.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures. The second version of this paper has been
significantly expanded in response to referee comments. The revised
manuscript has been accepted for publication in Journal of Physics
Scalability of GHZ and random-state entanglement in the presence of decoherence
We derive analytical upper bounds for the entanglement of generalized
Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states coupled to locally depolarizing and
dephasing environments, and for local thermal baths of arbitrary temperature.
These bounds apply for any convex quantifier of entanglement, and exponential
entanglement decay with the number of constituent particles is found. The
bounds are tight for depolarizing and dephasing channels. We also show that
randomly generated initial states tend to violate these bounds, and that this
discrepancy grows with the number of particles.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure
Quantum correlations and thermodynamic performances of two-qubit engines with local and collective baths
We investigate heat engines whose working substance is made of two coupled
qubits performing a generalised Otto cycle by varying their applied magnetic
field or their interaction strength during the compression and expansion
strokes. During the heating and cooling strokes, the two qubits are coupled to
local and common environments that are not necessarily at equilibrium. We find
instances of quantum engines coupled to non equilibrium common environments
exhibiting non-trivial connections to quantum correlations as witnessed by a
monotonic dependence of the work produced on quantum discord and entanglement.Comment: Close to published versio
A dissipative scheme to approach the boundary of two-qubit entangled mixed states
We discuss the generation of states close to the boundary-family of maximally
entangled mixed states as defined by the use of concurrence and linear entropy.
The coupling of two qubits to a dissipation-affected bosonic mode is able to
produce a bipartite state having, for all practical purposes, the entanglement
and purity properties of one of such boundary states. We thoroughly study the
effects that thermal and squeezed character of the bosonic mode have in such a
process and we discuss tolerance to qubit phase-damping mechanisms. The
non-demanding nature of the scheme makes it realizable in a matter-light based
physical set-up, which we address in some details.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, RevTeX4, Accepted for publication by Physics
Review
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