The architecture of automobile and building design : learning from 100 years of parallel processes

The industrial revolution has had a critical impact on society in general and architecture in particular. How we design, build and use buildings is different due to industrial changes in materials, processes and techniques. A key manifestation of the industrial revolution has been the automobile. Since the automobile is a more direct result of application of technique, it is helpful to examine its design to better understand the less direct influences of technique in architecture. This is especially important at a time when the role of technology in architecture is becoming both more significant and more difficult to define and evaluate. Looking at how various design concepts and objectives have been used in parallel between automobile and building designers is interesting and helpful to designers of both. Each can learn a great deal from the other. This end is aided by examining four noteworthy architects of the past one hundred years that were actively involved in building and automobile design. Not all of the technological objectives of automobile design have been achieved in its contemporary design. Some of these same objectives appear to have been better realized in building design. Work by some contemporary architects illustrates how this has occurred and how it might be furthered in the interest of improving the quality of future architecture

An approach to 3,4,7,8-tetrahydroazocine-synthesis of 4-methanesulfony-loxy-octahydrocyclo-penta[b]pyrrole.

Hak-fun Chow.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1981.Bibliography: leaves 70-73

Crystallisation driven self-assembly of polylactide containing block copolymers synthesised by combination of ROP and RAFT

Chapter 1 is the main introduction of this work and it features the two main concepts of this study. First living polymerisation techniques are introduced with a special focus into RAFT and ROP. Secondly solution self-assembly is briefly discussed. In Chapter 2 we describe the synthesis of an amphiphilic block copolymer where the two blocks are connected through a reversible bond. A Diels-Alder (DA) adduct consisted of a maleimide-furan pair was chosen as the reversible linker. The solution self-assembly of this polymer was studied by TEM and DLS giving rise to the unexpected formation of cylindrical micelles. In Chapter 3 the main objective was to synthesise new amphiphilic block copolymers without the DA motif in order to investigate their self-assembly behaviour compared to those for DA containing polymers obtained in Chapter 2. To further understand this self-assembly behaviour our method has been extended to the synthesis of other hydrophilic blocks and end group modified polymers. In addition, some key properties of the polymers synthesised have been investigated. In Chapter 4 our main goal is to understand the origins of the cylindrical micelle formation seen in Chapter 2. We investigated the aggregation behaviour under the aqueous thermal conditions in which the PTHPA block hydrolysis is performed. Studies at different concentrations and solvent mixtures provide valuable information regarding the self-assembly mechanism. In addition, the polymers with modified end groups and the triblock copolymers synthesised in Chapter 3 are studied and all the results compared. In Chapter 5 we explore the living crystallisation driven self-assembly of PLA-b- PAA block copolymers in aqueous media towards the formation of cylindrical micelles of controlled length. Interestingly, in many of the unstained TEM images presented in this work the particles demonstrate a non-uniform contrast along their width. This unexpected result is fully investigated in Chapter 6