Classification results on surfaces in the isotropic 3-space

The isotropic 3-space I^3 which is one of the Cayley--Klein spaces is obtained from the Euclidean space by substituting the usual Euclidean distance with the isotropic distance. In the present paper, we give several classifications on the surfaces in I^3 with the constant relative curvature (analogue of the Gaussian curvature) and the constant isotropic mean curvature. In particular, we classify the helicoidal surfaces in I^3 with constant curvature and analyze some special curves on these.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figure

Strong-field tidal distortions of rotating black holes: III. Embeddings in hyperbolic 3-space

In previous work, we developed tools for quantifying the tidal distortion of a black hole's event horizon due to an orbiting companion. These tools use techniques which require large mass ratios (companion mass $\mu$ much smaller than black hole mass $M$), but can be used for arbitrary bound orbits, and for any black hole spin. We also showed how to visualize these distorted black holes by embedding their horizons in a global Euclidean 3-space, ${\mathbb{E}}^3$. Such visualizations illustrate interesting and important information about horizon dynamics. Unfortunately, we could not visualize black holes with spin parameter $a_* > \sqrt{3}/2 \approx 0.866$: such holes cannot be globally embedded into ${\mathbb{E}}^3$. In this paper, we overcome this difficulty by showing how to embed the horizons of tidally distorted Kerr black holes in a hyperbolic 3-space, ${\mathbb{H}}^3$. We use black hole perturbation theory to compute the Gaussian curvatures of tidally distorted event horizons, from which we build a two-dimensional metric of their distorted horizons. We develop a numerical method for embedding the tidally distorted horizons in ${\mathbb{H}}^3$. As an application, we give a sequence of embeddings into ${\mathbb{H}}^3$ of a tidally interacting black hole with spin $a_*=0.9999$. A small amplitude, high frequency oscillation seen in previous work shows up particularly clearly in these embeddings.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure

Cone fields and topological sampling in manifolds with bounded curvature

Often noisy point clouds are given as an approximation of a particular compact set of interest. A finite point cloud is a compact set. This paper proves a reconstruction theorem which gives a sufficient condition, as a bound on the Hausdorff distance between two compact sets, for when certain offsets of these two sets are homotopic in terms of the absence of {\mu}-critical points in an annular region. Since an offset of a set deformation retracts to the set itself provided that there are no critical points of the distance function nearby, we can use this theorem to show when the offset of a point cloud is homotopy equivalent to the set it is sampled from. The ambient space can be any Riemannian manifold but we focus on ambient manifolds which have nowhere negative curvature. In the process, we prove stability theorems for {\mu}-critical points when the ambient space is a manifold.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figure